engorger

French

Etymology

From en- +‎ gorge +‎ -er (rather than en- + gorger). See engouer for a similar formation.

Pronunciation

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Verb

engorger

1. to clog, clog up, congest

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written engorge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of engorger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	engorger
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	engorgeant /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		engorgé /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	engorge /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁʒ/	engorges /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁʒ/	engorge /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁʒ/	engorgeons /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒɔ̃/	engorgez /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒe/	engorgent /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁʒ/
	imperfect	engorgeais /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒɛ/	engorgeais /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒɛ/	engorgeait /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒɛ/	engorgions /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒjɔ̃/	engorgiez /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒje/	engorgeaient /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	engorgeai /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒe/	engorgeas /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒa/	engorgea /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒa/	engorgeâmes /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒam/	engorgeâtes /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒat/	engorgèrent /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒɛʁ/
	future	engorgerai /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁe/	engorgeras /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁa/	engorgera /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁa/	engorgerons /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/	engorgerez /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁe/	engorgeront /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	engorgerais /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	engorgerais /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	engorgerait /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	engorgerions /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	engorgeriez /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁje/	engorgeraient /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	engorge /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁʒ/	engorges /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁʒ/	engorge /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁʒ/	engorgions /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒjɔ̃/	engorgiez /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒje/	engorgent /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁʒ/
	imperfect2	engorgeasse /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒas/	engorgeasses /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒas/	engorgeât /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒa/	engorgeassions /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	engorgeassiez /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒa.sje/	engorgeassent /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	engorge /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁʒ/	—	engorgeons /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒɔ̃/	engorgez /ɑ̃.ɡɔʁ.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• engorgement

Further reading

• “engorger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.