gwarchod
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Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From gwar- + cadw (“to look after”)[1][2] via metathesis gwarchadw > gwarchawd > gwarchod.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]gwarchod (first-person singular present gwarchodaf)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | gwarchodaf | gwarchodi | gwarchod, gwarchoda | gwarchodwn | gwarchodwch | gwarchodant | gwarchodir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
gwarchodwn | gwarchodit | gwarchodai | gwarchodem | gwarchodech | gwarchodent | gwarchodid | |
| preterite | gwarchodais | gwarchodaist | gwarchododd | gwarchodasom | gwarchodasoch | gwarchodasant | gwarchodwyd | |
| pluperfect | gwarchodaswn | gwarchodasit | gwarchodasai | gwarchodasem | gwarchodasech | gwarchodasent | gwarchodasid, gwarchodesid | |
| present subjunctive | gwarchodwyf | gwarchodych | gwarchodo | gwarchodom | gwarchodoch | gwarchodont | gwarchoder | |
| imperative | — | gwarchod, gwarchoda | gwarchoded | gwarchodwn | gwarchodwch | gwarchodent | gwarchoder | |
| verbal noun | gwarchod | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | gwarchodedig gwarchodadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | gwarchoda i, gwarchodaf i | gwarchodi di | gwarchodith o/e/hi, gwarchodiff e/hi | gwarchodwn ni | gwarchodwch chi | gwarchodan nhw |
| conditional | gwarchodwn i, gwarchodswn i | gwarchodet ti, gwarchodset ti | gwarchodai fo/fe/hi, gwarchodsai fo/fe/hi | gwarchoden ni, gwarchodsen ni | gwarchodech chi, gwarchodsech chi | gwarchoden nhw, gwarchodsen nhw |
| preterite | gwarchodais i, gwarchodes i | gwarchodaist ti, gwarchodest ti | gwarchododd o/e/hi | gwarchodon ni | gwarchodoch chi | gwarchodon nhw |
| imperative | — | gwarchoda | — | — | gwarchodwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- gwarchodgi (“guard dog”)
- gwarchodwr (“sentinel, guard”)
- gwarcheidwad (“guardian”)
Mutation
[edit]| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| gwarchod | warchod | ngwarchod | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
[edit]- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwarchod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i (17)