marnaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *marnati, from Proto-Indo-European *merh₂-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmar͈n͈ɨðʲ]

Verb

marnaid (conjunct ·mairn, verbal noun mrath)

1. to betray
2. to deceive, delude

Inflection

Historically, this verb is expected to belong to present class B IV, as the stem-final n is found only in the present stem, but the palatalization of the rn cluster in the third-person singular present conjunct form ·mairn forms shows that it is in the process of being taken over into another class. In Middle Irish it is often inflected as a weak verb of class A II, as shown by the third-person plural present absolute form mairnit and the third-person singular perfect form ro·mairnestar, in which the n has spread beyond the present tense.

Simple, class B IV present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Abs.
	Conj.			·mairn
	Rel.
Imperfect indicative
Preterite	Abs.
	Conj.				·mertamar
	Rel.
Perfect	Deut.			ro·mert			ro·mertatar
	Prot.			·rumart
Future	Abs.							·mérthir
	Conj.		·méra				·mérat
	Rel.
Conditional				·mérad
Present subjunctive	Abs.
	Conj.		·mera				·romrat (ro-form)
	Rel.
Past subjunctive				·merad
Imperative
Verbal noun		mrath
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Descendants

• Middle Irish: mairnid
• ⇒ Irish: braith (denominative from the verbal noun)

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
marnaid also mmarnaid after a proclitic	marnaid pronounced with /β̃(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “mairnid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 575