ngcwaba

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Northern Ndebele

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Etymology

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Probably from a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀhowas (grave). However, it could come from a Tuu language. Compare Nǀuu ŋǀoβa (bury).

Verb

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-ngcwaba?

  1. to bury

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swazi

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Etymology

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Probably from a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀhowas (grave). However, it could come from a Tuu language. Compare Nǀuu ŋǀoβa (bury).

Verb

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-ngcwába

  1. to bury

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

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Etymology

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Probably from a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀhowas (grave). However, it could come from a Tuu language. Compare Nǀuu ŋǀoβa (bury).

Verb

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-ngcwaba

  1. (transitive) to bury

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References

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  • Louw, J.A. (2013) “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in Vossen, Rainer, editor, The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444

Zulu

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Etymology

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Probably from a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀhowas (grave). However, it could come from a Tuu language. Compare Nǀuu ŋǀoβa (bury).

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /ᵑǀʱwâːɓa/

Verb

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-ngcwâba

  1. (transitive) to bury

Inflection

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Tone HH
Infinitive ukungcwaba
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukungcwaba ukungangcwabi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular ngcwaba -ngcwabe
Plural ngcwabani -ngcwabeni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyangcwaba, ngingcwaba engingcwabayo, engingcwaba ngingcwaba angingcwabi engingangcwabi ngingangcwabi
2nd singular uyangcwaba, ungcwaba ongcwabayo, ongcwaba ungcwaba awungcwabi ongangcwabi ungangcwabi
1st plural siyangcwaba, singcwaba esingcwabayo, esingcwaba singcwaba asingcwabi esingangcwabi singangcwabi
2nd plural niyangcwaba, ningcwaba eningcwabayo, eningcwaba ningcwaba aningcwabi eningangcwabi ningangcwabi
Class 1 uyangcwaba, ungcwaba ongcwabayo, ongcwaba engcwaba akangcwabi ongangcwabi engangcwabi
Class 2 bayangcwaba, bangcwaba abangcwabayo, abangcwaba bengcwaba abangcwabi abangangcwabi bengangcwabi
Class 3 uyangcwaba, ungcwaba ongcwabayo, ongcwaba ungcwaba awungcwabi ongangcwabi ungangcwabi
Class 4 iyangcwaba, ingcwaba engcwabayo, engcwaba ingcwaba ayingcwabi engangcwabi ingangcwabi
Class 5 liyangcwaba, lingcwaba elingcwabayo, elingcwaba lingcwaba alingcwabi elingangcwabi lingangcwabi
Class 6 ayangcwaba, angcwaba angcwabayo, angcwaba engcwaba awangcwabi angangcwabi engangcwabi
Class 7 siyangcwaba, singcwaba esingcwabayo, esingcwaba singcwaba asingcwabi esingangcwabi singangcwabi
Class 8 ziyangcwaba, zingcwaba ezingcwabayo, ezingcwaba zingcwaba azingcwabi ezingangcwabi zingangcwabi
Class 9 iyangcwaba, ingcwaba engcwabayo, engcwaba ingcwaba ayingcwabi engangcwabi ingangcwabi
Class 10 ziyangcwaba, zingcwaba ezingcwabayo, ezingcwaba zingcwaba azingcwabi ezingangcwabi zingangcwabi
Class 11 luyangcwaba, lungcwaba olungcwabayo, olungcwaba lungcwaba alungcwabi olungangcwabi lungangcwabi
Class 14 buyangcwaba, bungcwaba obungcwabayo, obungcwaba bungcwaba abungcwabi obungangcwabi bungangcwabi
Class 15 kuyangcwaba, kungcwaba okungcwabayo, okungcwaba kungcwaba akungcwabi okungangcwabi kungangcwabi
Class 17 kuyangcwaba, kungcwaba okungcwabayo, okungcwaba kungcwaba akungcwabi okungangcwabi kungangcwabi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingcwabile, ngingcwabē engingcwabile, engingcwabē ngingcwabile, ngingcwabē angingcwabanga engingangcwabanga ngingangcwabanga
2nd singular ungcwabile, ungcwabē ongcwabile, ongcwabē ungcwabile, ungcwabē awungcwabanga ongangcwabanga ungangcwabanga
1st plural singcwabile, singcwabē esingcwabile, esingcwabē singcwabile, singcwabē asingcwabanga esingangcwabanga singangcwabanga
2nd plural ningcwabile, ningcwabē eningcwabile, eningcwabē ningcwabile, ningcwabē aningcwabanga eningangcwabanga ningangcwabanga
Class 1 ungcwabile, ungcwabē ongcwabile, ongcwabē engcwabile, engcwabē akangcwabanga ongangcwabanga engangcwabanga
Class 2 bangcwabile, bangcwabē abangcwabile, abangcwabē bengcwabile, bengcwabē abangcwabanga abangangcwabanga bengangcwabanga
Class 3 ungcwabile, ungcwabē ongcwabile, ongcwabē ungcwabile, ungcwabē awungcwabanga ongangcwabanga ungangcwabanga
Class 4 ingcwabile, ingcwabē engcwabile, engcwabē ingcwabile, ingcwabē ayingcwabanga engangcwabanga ingangcwabanga
Class 5 lingcwabile, lingcwabē elingcwabile, elingcwabē lingcwabile, lingcwabē alingcwabanga elingangcwabanga lingangcwabanga
Class 6 angcwabile, angcwabē angcwabile, angcwabē engcwabile, engcwabē awangcwabanga angangcwabanga engangcwabanga
Class 7 singcwabile, singcwabē esingcwabile, esingcwabē singcwabile, singcwabē asingcwabanga esingangcwabanga singangcwabanga
Class 8 zingcwabile, zingcwabē ezingcwabile, ezingcwabē zingcwabile, zingcwabē azingcwabanga ezingangcwabanga zingangcwabanga
Class 9 ingcwabile, ingcwabē engcwabile, engcwabē ingcwabile, ingcwabē ayingcwabanga engangcwabanga ingangcwabanga
Class 10 zingcwabile, zingcwabē ezingcwabile, ezingcwabē zingcwabile, zingcwabē azingcwabanga ezingangcwabanga zingangcwabanga
Class 11 lungcwabile, lungcwabē olungcwabile, olungcwabē lungcwabile, lungcwabē alungcwabanga olungangcwabanga lungangcwabanga
Class 14 bungcwabile, bungcwabē obungcwabile, obungcwabē bungcwabile, bungcwabē abungcwabanga obungangcwabanga bungangcwabanga
Class 15 kungcwabile, kungcwabē okungcwabile, okungcwabē kungcwabile, kungcwabē akungcwabanga okungangcwabanga kungangcwabanga
Class 17 kungcwabile, kungcwabē okungcwabile, okungcwabē kungcwabile, kungcwabē akungcwabanga okungangcwabanga kungangcwabanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāngcwaba engāngcwaba ngāngcwaba angingcwabanga engingangcwabanga ngingangcwabanga
2nd singular wāngcwaba owāngcwaba wāngcwaba awungcwabanga ongangcwabanga ungangcwabanga
1st plural sāngcwaba esāngcwaba sāngcwaba asingcwabanga esingangcwabanga singangcwabanga
2nd plural nāngcwaba enāngcwaba nāngcwaba aningcwabanga eningangcwabanga ningangcwabanga
Class 1 wāngcwaba owāngcwaba āngcwaba akangcwabanga ongangcwabanga engangcwabanga
Class 2 bāngcwaba abāngcwaba bāngcwaba abangcwabanga abangangcwabanga bengangcwabanga
Class 3 wāngcwaba owāngcwaba wāngcwaba awungcwabanga ongangcwabanga ungangcwabanga
Class 4 yāngcwaba eyāngcwaba yāngcwaba ayingcwabanga engangcwabanga ingangcwabanga
Class 5 lāngcwaba elāngcwaba lāngcwaba alingcwabanga elingangcwabanga lingangcwabanga
Class 6 āngcwaba āngcwaba āngcwaba awangcwabanga angangcwabanga engangcwabanga
Class 7 sāngcwaba esāngcwaba sāngcwaba asingcwabanga esingangcwabanga singangcwabanga
Class 8 zāngcwaba ezāngcwaba zāngcwaba azingcwabanga ezingangcwabanga zingangcwabanga
Class 9 yāngcwaba eyāngcwaba yāngcwaba ayingcwabanga engangcwabanga ingangcwabanga
Class 10 zāngcwaba ezāngcwaba zāngcwaba azingcwabanga ezingangcwabanga zingangcwabanga
Class 11 lwāngcwaba olwāngcwaba lwāngcwaba alungcwabanga olungangcwabanga lungangcwabanga
Class 14 bāngcwaba obāngcwaba bāngcwaba abungcwabanga obungangcwabanga bungangcwabanga
Class 15 kwāngcwaba okwāngcwaba kwāngcwaba akungcwabanga okungangcwabanga kungangcwabanga
Class 17 kwāngcwaba okwāngcwaba kwāngcwaba akungcwabanga okungangcwabanga kungangcwabanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingangcwaba ngingangcwaba ngingengcwabe ngingengcwabe
2nd singular ungangcwaba ungangcwaba ungengcwabe ungengcwabe
1st plural singangcwaba singangcwaba singengcwabe singengcwabe
2nd plural ningangcwaba ningangcwaba ningengcwabe ningengcwabe
Class 1 angangcwaba engangcwaba angengcwabe engengcwabe
Class 2 bangangcwaba bengangcwaba bangengcwabe bengengcwabe
Class 3 ungangcwaba ungangcwaba ungengcwabe ungengcwabe
Class 4 ingangcwaba ingangcwaba ingengcwabe ingengcwabe
Class 5 lingangcwaba lingangcwaba lingengcwabe lingengcwabe
Class 6 angangcwaba engangcwaba angengcwabe engengcwabe
Class 7 singangcwaba singangcwaba singengcwabe singengcwabe
Class 8 zingangcwaba zingangcwaba zingengcwabe zingengcwabe
Class 9 ingangcwaba ingangcwaba ingengcwabe ingengcwabe
Class 10 zingangcwaba zingangcwaba zingengcwabe zingengcwabe
Class 11 lungangcwaba lungangcwaba lungengcwabe lungengcwabe
Class 14 bungangcwaba bungangcwaba bungengcwabe bungengcwabe
Class 15 kungangcwaba kungangcwaba kungengcwabe kungengcwabe
Class 17 kungangcwaba kungangcwaba kungengcwabe kungengcwabe
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizongcwaba engizongcwaba ngizongcwaba angizungcwaba engingezungcwaba ngingezungcwaba
2nd singular uzongcwaba ozongcwaba uzongcwaba awuzungcwaba ongezungcwaba ungezungcwaba
1st plural sizongcwaba esizongcwaba sizongcwaba asizungcwaba esingezungcwaba singezungcwaba
2nd plural nizongcwaba enizongcwaba nizongcwaba anizungcwaba eningezungcwaba ningezungcwaba
Class 1 uzongcwaba ozongcwaba ezongcwaba akazungcwaba ongezungcwaba engezungcwaba
Class 2 bazongcwaba abazongcwaba bezongcwaba abazungcwaba abangezungcwaba bengezungcwaba
Class 3 uzongcwaba ozongcwaba uzongcwaba awuzungcwaba ongezungcwaba ungezungcwaba
Class 4 izongcwaba ezongcwaba izongcwaba ayizungcwaba engezungcwaba ingezungcwaba
Class 5 lizongcwaba elizongcwaba lizongcwaba alizungcwaba elingezungcwaba lingezungcwaba
Class 6 azongcwaba azongcwaba ezongcwaba awazungcwaba angezungcwaba engezungcwaba
Class 7 sizongcwaba esizongcwaba sizongcwaba asizungcwaba esingezungcwaba singezungcwaba
Class 8 zizongcwaba ezizongcwaba zizongcwaba azizungcwaba ezingezungcwaba zingezungcwaba
Class 9 izongcwaba ezongcwaba izongcwaba ayizungcwaba engezungcwaba ingezungcwaba
Class 10 zizongcwaba ezizongcwaba zizongcwaba azizungcwaba ezingezungcwaba zingezungcwaba
Class 11 luzongcwaba oluzongcwaba luzongcwaba aluzungcwaba olungezungcwaba lungezungcwaba
Class 14 buzongcwaba obuzongcwaba buzongcwaba abuzungcwaba obungezungcwaba bungezungcwaba
Class 15 kuzongcwaba okuzongcwaba kuzongcwaba akuzungcwaba okungezungcwaba kungezungcwaba
Class 17 kuzongcwaba okuzongcwaba kuzongcwaba akuzungcwaba okungezungcwaba kungezungcwaba
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyongcwaba engiyongcwaba ngiyongcwaba angiyungcwaba engingeyungcwaba ngingeyungcwaba
2nd singular uyongcwaba oyongcwaba uyongcwaba awuyungcwaba ongeyungcwaba ungeyungcwaba
1st plural siyongcwaba esiyongcwaba siyongcwaba asiyungcwaba esingeyungcwaba singeyungcwaba
2nd plural niyongcwaba eniyongcwaba niyongcwaba aniyungcwaba eningeyungcwaba ningeyungcwaba
Class 1 uyongcwaba oyongcwaba eyongcwaba akayungcwaba ongeyungcwaba engeyungcwaba
Class 2 bayongcwaba abayongcwaba beyongcwaba abayungcwaba abangeyungcwaba bengeyungcwaba
Class 3 uyongcwaba oyongcwaba uyongcwaba awuyungcwaba ongeyungcwaba ungeyungcwaba
Class 4 iyongcwaba eyongcwaba iyongcwaba ayiyungcwaba engeyungcwaba ingeyungcwaba
Class 5 liyongcwaba eliyongcwaba liyongcwaba aliyungcwaba elingeyungcwaba lingeyungcwaba
Class 6 ayongcwaba ayongcwaba eyongcwaba awayungcwaba angeyungcwaba engeyungcwaba
Class 7 siyongcwaba esiyongcwaba siyongcwaba asiyungcwaba esingeyungcwaba singeyungcwaba
Class 8 ziyongcwaba eziyongcwaba ziyongcwaba aziyungcwaba ezingeyungcwaba zingeyungcwaba
Class 9 iyongcwaba eyongcwaba iyongcwaba ayiyungcwaba engeyungcwaba ingeyungcwaba
Class 10 ziyongcwaba eziyongcwaba ziyongcwaba aziyungcwaba ezingeyungcwaba zingeyungcwaba
Class 11 luyongcwaba oluyongcwaba luyongcwaba aluyungcwaba olungeyungcwaba lungeyungcwaba
Class 14 buyongcwaba obuyongcwaba buyongcwaba abuyungcwaba obungeyungcwaba bungeyungcwaba
Class 15 kuyongcwaba okuyongcwaba kuyongcwaba akuyungcwaba okungeyungcwaba kungeyungcwaba
Class 17 kuyongcwaba okuyongcwaba kuyongcwaba akuyungcwaba okungeyungcwaba kungeyungcwaba
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngingcwabe ngingangcwabi
2nd singular ungcwabe ungangcwabi
1st plural singcwabe singangcwabi
2nd plural ningcwabe ningangcwabi
Class 1 angcwabe angangcwabi
Class 2 bangcwabe bangangcwabi
Class 3 ungcwabe ungangcwabi
Class 4 ingcwabe ingangcwabi
Class 5 lingcwabe lingangcwabi
Class 6 angcwabe angangcwabi
Class 7 singcwabe singangcwabi
Class 8 zingcwabe zingangcwabi
Class 9 ingcwabe ingangcwabi
Class 10 zingcwabe zingangcwabi
Class 11 lungcwabe lungangcwabi
Class 14 bungcwabe bungangcwabi
Class 15 kungcwabe kungangcwabi
Class 17 kungcwabe kungangcwabi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngangcwaba ngangangcwaba, angangcwaba, angangangcwaba
2nd singular wangcwaba wangangcwaba, awangcwaba, awangangcwaba
1st plural sangcwaba sangangcwaba, asangcwaba, asangangcwaba
2nd plural nangcwaba nangangcwaba, anangcwaba, anangangcwaba
Class 1 wangcwaba wangangcwaba, akangcwaba, akangangcwaba
Class 2 bangcwaba bangangcwaba, abangcwaba, abangangcwaba
Class 3 wangcwaba wangangcwaba, awangcwaba, awangangcwaba
Class 4 yangcwaba yangangcwaba, ayangcwaba, ayangangcwaba
Class 5 langcwaba langangcwaba, alangcwaba, alangangcwaba
Class 6 angcwaba angangcwaba, awangcwaba, awangangcwaba
Class 7 sangcwaba sangangcwaba, asangcwaba, asangangcwaba
Class 8 zangcwaba zangangcwaba, azangcwaba, azangangcwaba
Class 9 yangcwaba yangangcwaba, ayangcwaba, ayangangcwaba
Class 10 zangcwaba zangangcwaba, azangcwaba, azangangcwaba
Class 11 lwangcwaba lwangangcwaba, alwangcwaba, alwangangcwaba
Class 14 bangcwaba bangangcwaba, abangcwaba, abangangcwaba
Class 15 kwangcwaba kwangangcwaba, akwangcwaba, akwangangcwaba
Class 17 kwangcwaba kwangangcwaba, akwangcwaba, akwangangcwaba

Derived terms

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References

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  • C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ngcwaɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN:ngcwaɓa (6-3.9)
  • Louw, J.A. (2013) “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in Vossen, Rainer, editor, The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444