Sino-Vietnamese word from 嚴刻.
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ŋiəm˧˧ xak̚˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ŋiəm˧˧ kʰak̚˦˧˥] ~ [ŋiəm˧˧ xak̚˦˧˥] invalid IPA characters (][)
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [ŋim˧˧ kʰak̚˦˥] ~ [ŋim˧˧ xak̚˦˥] invalid IPA characters (][)
nghiêm khắc
- severe; stern; harsh; strict