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Egyptian [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
3-lit.
( intransitive , with n or r , or transitive ) to call to or call upon [since the Pyramid Texts]
c. 1900 BCE ,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse /pBN 183) lines 2.3–2.4:
rdj.jn ṯꜣt(j) njs.t(w) nꜣy.f n(j) ẖrdw m ḫt ꜥrq.f sḫr r(m)ṯw bj(ꜣ)t.sn m jjt ḥr.f So the vizier let his children be summoned after he understood the conduct of people, their character being what had come upon him.
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of njs (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: njs , geminated stem: njss
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
njs
njsw , njs
njst
njs
njs
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
njs
ḥr njs
m njs
r njs
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
njs.n
njsw , njs
consecutive
njs.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
njst
perfective 3
njs
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
njs.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
njs
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
njs
njss
potentialis1
njs.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
njs
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
njs.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
njs
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
njs
njs , njsw 5 , njsy 5
imperfective
njs , njsy , njsw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
njs , njsj 6 , njsy 6
njs , njsw 5
prospective
njs , njstj 7
—
njstj 4 , njst 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
References [ edit ]