penal
English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- pænal (archaic, hypercorrect)
- pænall (obsolete, hypercorrect)
- penall (obsolete)
- pœnal (archaic)
- pœnall (obsolete)
Etymology[edit]
From Old French peinal, from Medieval Latin penalis, from Latin poenalis, from poena (“punishment”), from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /ˈpiːnəl/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -iːnəl
- Homophone: penile (one pronunciation)
Adjective[edit]
penal (not comparable)
- Of or relating to punishment.
- penal servitude
- Subject to punishment; punishable.
- a penal offence
- Serving as a place of punishment.
- a penal colony
- Exorbitant.
- a penal rate of interest.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
|
Anagrams[edit]
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
penal m or f (masculine and feminine plural penals)
Derived terms[edit]
Noun[edit]
penal m (plural penals)
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “penal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “penal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “penal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “penal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
14th century. From pena (“stone”) + -al.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
penal m (plural penais)
- shorter, lateral wall of a house
- 1429, M. Lucas Alvarez & M. J. Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 307:
- huna estrema de boa parede des lo canto mays de baixo do penal da dita casa [...] asta huna crus (+) que asignalamos e fezemos por marqua e deuision enna parede da orta de vos o dito liçençiado e vosos yrmâôs
- [We shall build]] a boundary, made of good wall, from the extreme of the lateral wall of that house [...] till a cross (+) that we have signalled and done as mark and division in the wall of the garden that belongs to you, the aforementioned lawyer, and to your brothers
- huna estrema de boa parede des lo canto mays de baixo do penal da dita casa [...] asta huna crus (+) que asignalamos e fezemos por marqua e deuision enna parede da orta de vos o dito liçençiado e vosos yrmâôs
- 1429, M. Lucas Alvarez & M. J. Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 307:
- supporting wall
- Synonym: parede mestra
- each one of the slabs which tops a wall to protect it from the rain
- eaves
Etymology 2[edit]
From Late Latin poenalis (“penal”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
penal m or f (plural penais)
- penal (of or relating to punishment)
Noun[edit]
penal m (plural penais)
References[edit]
- “penal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “penal” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “penal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “penal” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “penal” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Ladin[edit]
Adjective[edit]
penal m (feminine singular penala, masculine plural penai, feminine plural penales)
Portuguese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Latin poenālis.[1][2] By surface analysis, pena (“punishment”) + -al.
Adjective[edit]
penal m or f (plural penais)
- penal (related to punishment, often in legal context)
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From German Pennal, from Latin pennale, from penna (“feather”). Likely reinforced by Ukrainian and Russian пенал (penal). By surface analysis, pena (“feather”) + -al.
Noun[edit]
penal m (plural penais)
- (Paraná, Santa Catarina) pencil case
- Synonym: estojo
Etymology 3[edit]
From pênalti.
Noun[edit]
penal m (plural penais)
References[edit]
- ^ “penal” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.
- ^ “penal” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Latin poenalis or French pénal.
Adjective[edit]
penal m or n (feminine singular penală, masculine plural penali, feminine and neuter plural penale)
Declension[edit]
Spanish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Late Latin poenālis.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
penal m or f (masculine and feminine plural penales)
Noun[edit]
penal m (plural penales)
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “penal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Anagrams[edit]
Tagalog[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Spanish penal, from Late Latin poenālis.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /peˈnal/ [pɛˈnal]
- Rhymes: -al
- Syllabification: pe‧nal
Adjective[edit]
penál (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈᜎ᜔)
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “penal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Medieval Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/iːnəl
- Rhymes:English/iːnəl/2 syllables
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English uncomparable adjectives
- English terms with usage examples
- Catalan terms suffixed with -al
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Catalan/al
- Rhymes:Catalan/al/2 syllables
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan adjectives
- Catalan epicene adjectives
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- ca:Ball games
- Galician terms suffixed with -al
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician countable nouns
- Galician masculine nouns
- Galician terms borrowed from Late Latin
- Galician terms derived from Late Latin
- Galician adjectives
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin adjectives
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Rhymes:Portuguese/al
- Rhymes:Portuguese/al/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aw
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aw/2 syllables
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms suffixed with -al
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese adjectives
- Portuguese terms borrowed from German
- Portuguese terms derived from German
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Paranaense Portuguese
- Catarinense Portuguese
- Brazilian Portuguese
- pt:Football (soccer)
- Romanian terms borrowed from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adjectives
- Spanish terms borrowed from Late Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Late Latin
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Spanish/al
- Rhymes:Spanish/al/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish adjectives
- Spanish epicene adjectives
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:Football (soccer)
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Late Latin
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/al
- Rhymes:Tagalog/al/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog adjectives
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script