periodic table

English

WOTD – 6 March 2019

Etymology

The periodic table of the elements. See Appendix:Chemical elements.

The table is termed “periodic” because it follows the periodic law – when chemical elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements with similar properties recur at intervals.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌpɪɹiˈɒdɪk ˈteɪb(ə)l/, /ˌpɪə-/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk ˈteɪbəl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪbəl
• Hyphenation: pe‧ri‧od‧ic ta‧ble

Noun

periodic table (plural periodic tables)

1. (chemistry) A tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).
   • 1903 March 26, William Ramsay, “[Societies and Academies. London.] An Attempt to Estimate the Relative Amounts of Krypton and of Xenon in Atmospheric Air.”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume 67, number 1746, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 16 April 1903, →OCLC, page 573, column 2:

     The atomic weight of krypton would accordingly be 81.62; the mean of former determinations is 81.28. This is in accordance with its position in the periodic table, which lies between bromine, 80, and rubidium, 85.

   • 1924, Frank Wigglesworth Clarke, Henry Stephens Washington, “Evolution of the Elements”, in The Composition of the Earth’s Crust (United States Geological Survey Professional Paper; 127), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, pages 107–108:

     Silica and alumina are distinctly the most abundant and characteristic petrogenic constituents, and with them are most frequently associated those elements toward the extreme petrogenic end of the periodic table, especially potassium, sodium, and calcium in the order named; and these elements are associated with each other.

   • 1977 June, George N. Bowers, “Introduction—The Gallium Melting-point Standard: A New Fixed Point to Assure the Accuracy of Temperature Measurements in the Clinical Laboratory”, in B[illy] W[ilson] Mangum, D[onald] D. Thornton, editors, The Gallium Melting-point Standard (National Bureau of Standards Special Publication; 481), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 709, column 1:

     Gallium, the 32nd most abundant element in the earth's crust, is a silver-grey metal, widely distributed in trace amounts in many rocks and ores. Its name, gallium (Lat., gallia, France), honors the discovery of this element by a French chemist in 1875, just four years after [Dmitri] Mendeleev predicted its probable existence from a blank space in his newly described periodic table.

   • 1983 spring, Richard Hahn, “Life at the End of the Periodic Table”, in Carolyn Krause, editor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review, volume 16, number 2, Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 25, column 1:

     The main theme of TRL [Transuranium Research Laboratory] research with transuranium elements has been the exploration of a region of the periodic table that is relatively new and inaccessible to most scientists. […] Our research with the heavy elements has extended our knowledge considerably and tested our ideas concerning how the periodic table is constructed.

   • 2009, Kristi Lew, “Mercury: The Inside Story”, in Mercury (Understanding the Elements of the Periodic Table), New York, N.Y.: The Rosen Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 20:

     Taking into account the masses and percents of the isotopes, the average weight of a mercury atom is 200.59 amu, the atomic weight that is listed on some periodic tables. This type of average is called a weighted average. On other periodic tables, such as the one in this book, mercury's atomic weight is rounded to the nearest whole number (201 amu).

   • 2015, Peter J. Mikulecky, Christopher Hren, “Understanding the Many Uses of the Mole”, in Chemistry Workbook for Dummies, 2nd edition, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, part II (Making and Remaking Compounds), page 101:

     The atomic masses you see in many periodic tables may vary slightly, so for consistency, we've rounded all atomic mass values to two decimal places before plugging them into equations.

Derived terms

• extended periodic table

Related terms

• periodic law

Translations

tabular chart of the chemical elements

• Abkhaz: аелементқәа рпериодикатә система (ajelementʼkʷa rpʼerjodikʼatʷʼ sistʼema)
• Afrikaans: periodieke tabel (af)
• Albanian: sistemi periodik i elementeve
• Amharic: የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ (yänṭərä nägäroč śänṭäräž)
• Arabic: جَدْوَلٌ دَوْرِيّ m (jadwalun dawriyy)
• Armenian: պարբերական աղյուսակ (parberakan aġyusak)
• Assamese: পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা (porzabritto talika)
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܛܲܒ݂ܠܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ ܕܘܼܪܬܵܢܵܝܬܵܐ f (ṭaḇlīṯā durtānāytā)
• Asturian: tabla periódica f
• Azerbaijani: dövri cədvəl, kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi
• Balinese: tabél périodik
• Bashkir: химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы (ximik elementtarźıñ periodik sistemahı)
• Basque: taula periodikoa
• Belarusian: перыядычная сістэма элементаў f (pjeryjadyčnaja sistema eljemjentaŭ), табліца Мендзялеева f (tablica Mjendzjaljejeva)
• Bengali: পর্যায় সারণী (porjaẏ śaroni)
• Bihari: पीरियॉडिक टेबल
• Bikol Central: peryodikong tableta
• Bishnupriya Manipuri: পর্যায় সারণী
• Breton: taolenn beriodek an elfennoù
• Bulgarian: периодична система на елементите f (periodična sistema na elementite)
• Burmese: ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား (drapcang-a.hlany.kya.ja.ya:)
• Catalan: taula periòdica f
• Cebuano: talaang peryodiko
• Chechen: химин хӏумалгийн рогӏаллин система (ximin humalgiı̇n roğallin sistema)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 元素週期表／元素周期表 (jyun⁴ sou³ zau¹ kei⁴ biu²), 週期表／周期表 (zau¹ kei⁴ biu²)

  Hakka: ngièn-su chû-khì-péu

  Mandarin: 元素週期表／元素周期表 (zh) (yuánsù zhōuqíbiǎo), 週期表／周期表 (zh) (zhōuqī biǎo)

• Chuvash: элементсен периодла тытӑмӗ (elementsen p̬eriodla t̬yt̬ămĕ)
• Corsican: tavola periodica
• Czech: periodická tabulka f
• Danish: periodiske system
• Dhivehi: ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު (pīriaḍik̊ tāvalu)
• Dutch: periodiek systeem (nl) n
• Esperanto: perioda tabelo
• Estonian: keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem, Mendelejevi tabel, perioodilisustabel
• Extremaduran: tabra periúdica e los elementus
• Faroese: skeiðbundna skipanin
• Fiji Hindi: periodic table
• Finnish: jaksollinen järjestelmä (fi), alkuaineiden jaksollinen järjestelmä
• French: tableau périodique (fr) m, tableau périodique des éléments (fr) m
• Galician: táboa periódica (gl) f, táboa periódica dos elementos (gl) f
• Georgian: ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა (kimiur elemenṭta ṗerioduli sisṭema)
• German: Periodensystem (de) (der Elemente) n
• Greek: περιοδικός πίνακας (el) m (periodikós pínakas), περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων m (periodikós pínakas ton chimikón stoicheíon)
• Guaraní: apỹi kímiko rechaukaha
• Guianese Creole: tablo péryodik di sé éléman
• Gujarati: આવર્ત સારણી (āvart sārṇī), આવર્ત કોષ્ટક (āvart koṣṭak)
• Haitian Creole: tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman
• Hebrew: הטבלה המחזורית f (ha-ṭabelah ha-maḥazôrît)
• Hindi: आवर्त सारणी (āvart sārṇī)
• Hungarian: periódusos rendszer (hu), kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere
• Icelandic: lotukerfi (is) n
• Ido: periodala tabelo
• Ilocano: periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento
• Indonesian: tabel periodik (id)
• Ingush: химе элементий мура система (xime elementiı̇ mura sistema)
• Interlingua: tabella periodic, tabella periodic del elementos
• Irish: tábla peiriadach m
• Italian: tavola periodica f, tavola periodica degli elementi (it) f
• Jamaican Creole: piiriadik tiebl
• Japanese: 周期表 (ja) (しゅうきひょう, shūkihyō)
• Javanese: pratélan unsur miturut lambang
• Kabyle: tafelwit tawalant
• Kannada: ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ (āvarta kōṣṭaka)
• Kapampangan: tablang periodiku da ring elementu
• Kazakh: химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі (ximiälyq élementterdıñ periodtyq jüiesı)
• Khmer: តារាងខួបធាតុគីមី (taaraang kʰuəp tʰiet kiimii), តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី (taariəngkhuəpnɨythiətokiimii)
• Komi-Permyak: периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас (perioddez śörti ximija ötuvtorrezlön tećas)
• Komi-Zyrian: химия элементъяслӧн период система (ximija eľementjaslön period śisťema)
• Korean: 주기율표(周期律表) (ko) (jugiyulpyo), 주기표(周期表) (jugipyo)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: خشتەی خولی (xiştey xulî)

• Kyrgyz: элементтер мезгилдик системасы (elementter mezgildik sisteması)
• Lao: ຕາຕະລາງທາດ (tā ta lāng thāt)
• Latin: systema periodicum (la) n
• Latvian: ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula
• Lezgi: химиядин элементрин девирдин система (χimiädin èlementrin devirdin sistema)
• Limburgish: periodiek systeem vaan eleminte
• Lingala: etánda ya bileko
• Lithuanian: periodinė elementų lentelė (lt)
• Lombard: taula periodica f
• Luxembourgish: Periodesystem vun den Elementer n
• Macedonian: периоден систем m (perioden sistem), периодична таблица f (periodična tablica)
• Malagasy: tabilaon'ny singa
• Malay: jadual berkala (ms)
• Malayalam: ആവര്ത്തനപ്പട്ടിക (āvarttanappaṭṭika)
• Maltese: tavla perjodika (mt) f
• Manx: taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn
• Maori: ripanga pūmotu, taka pūmotu
• Marathi: आवर्त सारणी (āvarta sārṇī)
• Mari:

  Eastern Mari: химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше (himij tüŋlyk-vlakyn periodik radamlykše)

• Minangkabau: tabel periodik
• Mirandese: tabela periódica
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: үелэх хүснэгт (üjelex xüsnegt), үелэх систем (üjelex sistem)

  Mongolian: ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ
  ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ (üyelekü küsünüɣtü), ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ
  ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ (üyelekü sistēm)

• Nepali: आवर्त सारणी (āvarta sāraṇī)
• Newar: तत्त्वमां (tattwamāṃ)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: periodesystem n

  Nynorsk: periodesystem n

• Nyindrou: tabela periodica di elemenc
• Occitan: taula periodica f
• Odia: ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ (pôrjyayô sarôṇi)
• Ossetian: элементты периодон системӕ (èlementty periodon sistemæ)
• Papiamentu: tabèl periódiko
• Pashto: دعناصرو دوراني جدول
• Persian: جدول تناوبی (fa) (jadval-e tanâvobi)
• Picard: tableau périodique
• Polish: układ okresowy (pl) m, układ okresowy pierwiastków (pl) m, tablica Mendelejewa (pl) f (colloquial)
• Portuguese: tabela periódica (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ (miādī pahāṛā), ਤਰਤੀਬੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ (tartībī pahāṛā)
• Romanian: tabel periodic n
• Russian: периоди́ческая систе́ма f (periodíčeskaja sistéma), периоди́ческая систе́ма элеме́нтов (ru) f (periodíčeskaja sistéma eleméntov), табли́ца Менделе́ева f (tablíca Mendeléjeva), периоди́ческая табли́ца f (periodíčeskaja tablíca)
• Sardinian: tàula periòdica de is elementos
• Scots: periodic cairt
• Scottish Gaelic: clàr pillteach
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: периодни сустав елемената m

  Roman: periodni sustav elemenata m

• Sicilian: tàvula piriòdica f
• Silesian: ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw m
• Sindhi: دوري جدول
• Sinhalese: ආවර්තිතා වගුව (āwartitā waguwa)
• Slovak: periodická tabuľka f
• Slovene: periodni sistem elementov m
• Sotho: tafole ya periodiki
• Spanish: clasificación periódica f, tabla periódica f, tabla periódica de los elementos (es) f
• Sundanese: tabél periodik
• Swahili: mfumo radidia, jedwali la elementi
• Swedish: periodiska systemet (sv) n
• Tagalog: talaulitan, talahanayang peryodiko
• Tajik: ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимёӣ (jadvali davriyi unsurhoyi kimyoyī)
• Tamil: ஆவர்த்தன அட்டவணை (āvarttaṉa aṭṭavaṇai), தனிம அட்டவணை (ta) (taṉima aṭṭavaṇai)
• Telugu: ఆవర్తన పట్టిక (te) (āvartana paṭṭika)
• Thai: ตารางธาตุ (dtaaraang tâat)
• Tibetan: རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག། (rtsa rdzas kyi dus 'khor re'u mig)
• Tok Pisin: tebol bilong ol elemen
• Turkish: periyodik tablo (tr), periyodik cetvel (tr)
• Turkmen: himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy
• Tuvan: химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы (ximiktig elementilerniñ periodtug sistemazı)
• Ukrainian: періодична система елементів f (periodyčna systema elementiv), періодична таблыця f (periodyčna tablycja), таблиця Менделєєва f (tablycja Mendeljejeva), періодична система хімічних елементів f (periodyčna systema ximičnyx elementiv)
• Urdu: please add this translation if you can
• Uyghur: ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى (ëlëmëntlarning dewriy jeedwili)
• Uzbek: kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi
• Venetian: tabeła periòdega f
• Vietnamese: bảng tuần hoàn (榜循環), bảng tuần hoàn các nguyên tố hoá học
• Walloon: tåvlea periodike des elemints
• Welsh: tabl cyfnodol (cy)
• Western Panjabi: پیریاڈک ٹیبل f
• Yakut: периодтаах таабыл (periodtaaq taabıl)

See also

Periodic table of elements in English · periodic table of elements (layout · text)
Period Group	1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1	1   H hydrogen		Color of the number (state of matter at STP): liquid, gas, solid, solid (synthetic), not yet been discovered																2   He helium
2	3   Li lithium	4   Be beryllium	Blocks: d-block f-block p-block s-block											5   B boron	6   C carbon	7   N nitrogen	8   O oxygen	9   F fluorine	10   Ne neon
3	11   Na sodium	12   Mg magnesium												13   Al aluminum	14   Si silicon	15   P phosphorus	16   S sulfur	17   Cl chlorine	18   Ar argon
4	19   K potassium	20   Ca calcium		21   Sc scandium	22   Ti titanium	23   V vanadium	24   Cr chromium	25   Mn manganese	26   Fe iron	27   Co cobalt	28   Ni nickel	29   Cu copper	30   Zn zinc	31   Ga gallium	32   Ge germanium	33   As arsenic	34   Se selenium	35   Br bromine	36   Kr krypton
5	37   Rb rubidium	38   Sr strontium		39   Y yttrium	40   Zr zirconium	41   Nb niobium	42   Mo molybdenum	43   Tc technetium	44   Ru ruthenium	45   Rh rhodium	46   Pd palladium	47   Ag silver	48   Cd cadmium	49   In indium	50   Sn tin	51   Sb antimony	52   Te tellurium	53   I iodine	54   Xe xenon
6	55   Cs cesium	56   Ba barium	*	71   Lu lutetium	72   Hf hafnium	73   Ta tantalum	74   W tungsten	75   Re rhenium	76   Os osmium	77   Ir iridium	78   Pt platinum	79   Au gold	80   Hg mercury	81   Tl thallium	82   Pb lead	83   Bi bismuth	84   Po polonium	85   At astatine	86   Rn radon
7	87   Fr francium	88   Ra radium	**	103   Lr lawrencium	104   Rf rutherfordium	105   Db dubnium	106   Sg seaborgium	107   Bh bohrium	108   Hs hassium	109   Mt meitnerium	110   Ds darmstadtium	111   Rg roentgenium	112   Cn copernicium	113   Nh nihonium	114   Fl flerovium	115   Mc moscovium	116   Lv livermorium	117   Ts tennessine	118   Og oganesson
* lanthanides				57   La lanthanum	58   Ce cerium	59   Pr praseodymium	60   Nd neodymium	61   Pm promethium	62   Sm samarium	63   Eu europium	64   Gd gadolinium	65   Tb terbium	66   Dy dysprosium	67   Ho holmium	68   Er erbium	69   Tm thulium	70   Yb ytterbium
** actinides				89   Ac actinium	90   Th thorium	91   Pa protactinium	92   U uranium	93   Np neptunium	94   Pu plutonium	95   Am americium	96   Cm curium	97   Bk berkelium	98   Cf californium	99   Es einsteinium	100   Fm fermium	101   Md mendelevium	102   No nobelium

Further reading

• periodic table on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Category:periodic table on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

Anagrams

• bioreplicated