réud

Old Irish

Etymology

Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in **refud instead as the usual reflex of *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r͈ʲeːu̯ð/

Noun

réud m

1. frost

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	réud	réudL	ríuidL
Vocative	ríuid	réudL	réuduH
Accusative	réudN	réudL	réuduH
Genitive	ríuidL	réud	réudN
Dative	réudL	réudaib	réudaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: reód
  • Irish: reo
  • Manx: rio
  • Scottish Gaelic: reòth

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
réud also rréud after a proclitic	réud pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “reód”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language