srḫ

See also: SRH and srh

Egyptian

Etymology

From s- (causative prefix) +‎ rḫ (“to know, to learn”). The noun is derived from the verb.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛrɛx/
  • Conventional anglicization: serekh

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to make known, to show or publicly reveal (someone or something) (+ n: to (someone)) [since the Middle Kingdom]
2. (transitive) to denounce, to accuse (someone) (+ n: of, regarding; to fault for, to blame for)

Inflection

Conjugation of srḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: srḫ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
srḫt, srḫ	srḫw, srḫ	srḫt	srḫ	srḫ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
srḫ	ḥr srḫ	m srḫ	r srḫ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	srḫ.n	srḫw, srḫ	consecutive	srḫ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	srḫt
perfective3	srḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	srḫ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	srḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	srḫw, srḫ, srḫy	srḫw, srḫ, srḫy	potentialis1	srḫ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	srḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	srḫ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	srḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	srḫ	srḫ, srḫw5, srḫy5
imperfective	srḫ, srḫy, srḫw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	srḫ, srḫj6, srḫy6	srḫ, srḫw5
prospective	srḫ, srḫtj7	—	srḫwtj1 4, srḫtj4, srḫt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srḫ  

srḫ	srḫ	srḫ	srḫ	sḫr
			[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]
	sporadic	sporadic		sporadic

Noun

 m

1. notoriety, infamy, bad reputation (+ ḫr: before (someone)) [Middle and New Kingdoms and 26th Dynasty]
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.10–1.11:

     jr šww m srḫ n t nj sḫm.n mdt nbt jm.f

     As for one who is free of notoriety regarding bread, no word can take control of him.

Usage notes

Usually found negated and with a suffix pronoun attached.

Inflection

Declension of srḫ (masculine)

singular	srḫ
dual	srḫwj
plural	srḫw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srḫ  

srḫ	srḫ	srḫ

Noun

 m

1. palace façade, particularly as a seat for the Horus-falcon and as an enclosure containing the serekh name [since the 18th Dynasty]
2. (by extension) throne, seat of a king or god

Inflection

Declension of srḫ (masculine)

singular	srḫ
dual	srḫwj
plural	srḫw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srḫ  

srḫ	srḫ	srḫ
	abbreviation

Descendants

• → English: serekh

References

• “srḫ (lemma ID 139590)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “srḫ (lemma ID 139600)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[2], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “srḫ (lemma ID 139660)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[3], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[4], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 199.1–199.8, 200.3–200.14
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 236
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 66, 189.