vunda

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Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈvunda/
  • Hyphenation: vun‧da

Adjective

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vunda (accusative singular vundan, plural vundaj, accusative plural vundajn)

  1. injurious

Swahili

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

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-vunda (infinitive kuvunda)

  1. to rot

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -vunda
Positive present -navunda
Subjunctive -vunde
Negative -vundi
Imperative singular vunda
Infinitives
Positive kuvunda
Negative kutovunda
Imperatives
Singular vunda
Plural vundeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huvunda
Positive past positive subject concord + -livunda
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuvunda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -navunda)
Singular Plural
1st person ninavunda/navunda tunavunda
2nd person unavunda mnavunda
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anavunda wanavunda
other classes positive subject concord + -navunda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -vundi)
Singular Plural
1st person sivundi hatuvundi
2nd person huvundi hamvundi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) havundi hawavundi
other classes negative subject concord + -vundi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tavunda
Negative future negative subject concord + -tavunda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vunde)
Singular Plural
1st person nivunde tuvunde
2nd person uvunde mvunde
3rd person m-wa(I/II) avunde wavunde
other classes positive subject concord + -vunde
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sivunde
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngevunda
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singevunda
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalivunda
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalivunda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avunda)
Singular Plural
1st person navunda twavunda
2nd person wavunda mwavunda
3rd person m-wa(I/II) avunda wavunda
m-mi(III/IV) wavunda yavunda
ji-ma(V/VI) lavunda yavunda
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chavunda vyavunda
n(IX/X) yavunda zavunda
u(XI) wavunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwavunda
pa(XVI) pavunda
mu(XVIII) mwavunda
Perfect positive subject concord + -mevunda
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshavunda
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -javunda
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kivunda
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipovunda
Consecutive kavunda / positive subject concord + -kavunda
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kavunde
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nivunda -tuvunda
2nd person -kuvunda -wavunda/-kuvundeni/-wavundeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mvunda -wavunda
m-mi(III/IV) -uvunda -ivunda
ji-ma(V/VI) -livunda -yavunda
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kivunda -vivunda
n(IX/X) -ivunda -zivunda
u(XI) -uvunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuvunda
pa(XVI) -pavunda
mu(XVIII) -muvunda
Reflexive -jivunda
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vunda- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -vundaye -vundao
m-mi(III/IV) -vundao -vundayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -vundalo -vundayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -vundacho -vundavyo
n(IX/X) -vundayo -vundazo
u(XI) -vundao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -vundako
pa(XVI) -vundapo
mu(XVIII) -vundamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vunda)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yevunda -ovunda
m-mi(III/IV) -ovunda -yovunda
ji-ma(V/VI) -lovunda -yovunda
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chovunda -vyovunda
n(IX/X) -yovunda -zovunda
u(XI) -ovunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kovunda
pa(XVI) -povunda
mu(XVIII) -movunda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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Xhosa

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

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-vunda?

  1. to rot

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.