λυγρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Indo-European *luǵrós, from *lewǵ-. Apparently related to λευγαλέος (leugaléos, “wretched, unhappy”). Cognate with Latin lūgeō.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ly.ɡrós/ → /lyˈɣros/ → /liˈɣros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ly.ɡrós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /lyˈɡros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /lyˈɣros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /lyˈɣros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /liˈɣros/

Adjective

λῠγρός • (lugrós) m (feminine λῠγρᾱ́, neuter λῠγρόν); first/second declension

1. sore, baneful, mournful
2. (of persons) baneful, mischievous

Inflection

First and second declension of λυγρός; λυγρᾱ́; λυγρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		λυγρός lugrós	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρόν lugrón		λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ		λυγροί lugroí	λυγραί lugraí	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Genitive		λυγροῦ lugroû	λυγρᾶς lugrâs	λυγροῦ lugroû		λυγροῖν lugroîn	λυγραῖν lugraîn	λυγροῖν lugroîn		λυγρῶν lugrôn	λυγρῶν lugrôn	λυγρῶν lugrôn
Dative		λυγρῷ lugrôi	λυγρᾷ lugrâi	λυγρῷ lugrôi		λυγροῖν lugroîn	λυγραῖν lugraîn	λυγροῖν lugroîn		λυγροῖς lugroîs	λυγραῖς lugraîs	λυγροῖς lugroîs
Accusative		λυγρόν lugrón	λυγρᾱ́ν lugrā́n	λυγρόν lugrón		λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ		λυγρούς lugroús	λυγρᾱ́ς lugrā́s	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Vocative		λυγρέ lugré	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρόν lugrón		λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ		λυγροί lugroí	λυγραί lugraí	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		λυγρῶς lugrôs				λυγρότερος lugróteros				λυγρότᾰτος lugrótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of λυγρός; λυγρή; λυγρόν (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		λυγρός lugrós	λυγρή lugrḗ	λυγρόν lugrón		λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ		λυγροί lugroí	λυγραί lugraí	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Genitive		λυγροῦ / λυγροῖο / λυγρόο lugroû / lugroîo / lugróo	λυγρῆς lugrês	λυγροῦ / λυγροῖο / λυγρόο lugroû / lugroîo / lugróo		λυγροῖῐν lugroîin	λυγραῖν / λυγραῖῐν / λυγρῇῐν lugraî(i)n / lugrêiin	λυγροῖῐν lugroîin		λυγρῶν lugrôn	λυγρᾱ́ων / λυγρέ͜ων / λυγρῶν lugrā́ōn / lugré͜ōn / lugrôn	λυγρῶν lugrôn
Dative		λυγρῷ lugrôi	λυγρῇ lugrêi	λυγρῷ lugrôi		λυγροῖῐν lugroîin	λυγραῖν / λυγραῖῐν / λυγρῇῐν lugraî(i)n / lugrêiin	λυγροῖῐν lugroîin		λυγροῖσῐ / λυγροῖσῐν / λυγροῖς lugroîsi(n) / lugroîs	λυγρῇσῐ / λυγρῇσῐν / λυγρῇς / λυγραῖς lugrêisi(n) / lugrêis / lugraîs	λυγροῖσῐ / λυγροῖσῐν / λυγροῖς lugroîsi(n) / lugroîs
Accusative		λυγρόν lugrón	λυγρήν lugrḗn	λυγρόν lugrón		λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ		λυγρούς lugroús	λυγρᾱ́ς lugrā́s	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Vocative		λυγρέ lugré	λυγρή lugrḗ	λυγρόν lugrón		λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ		λυγροί lugroí	λυγραί lugraí	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		λυγρῶς lugrôs				λυγρότερος lugróteros				λυγρότᾰτος lugrótatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• λυγροπαθής (lugropathḗs)

Further reading

• “λυγρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “λυγρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “λυγρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• λυγρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• λυγρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “λυγρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • baleful idem, page 60.
  • baneful idem, page 61.
  • magic idem, page 507.
  • noxious idem, page 562.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN