μίσθιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From μισθός (misthós, “wages”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /mís.tʰi.os/ → /ˈmis.θi.os/ → /ˈmis.θi.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mís.tʰi.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈmis.tʰi.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈmis.θi.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈmis.θi.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈmis.θi.os/

Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowels ί and ι by adding a macron after each one if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked.
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Adjective

μίσθιος • (místhios) m (feminine μισθίᾱ, neuter μίσθιον); first/second declension

1. salaried, hired
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, LYCURGUS 16, (from Plutarch's Lives, volume I: source link):

     ...τοὺς δὲ Σπαρτιατῶν παῖδας οὐκ ἐπὶ ὠνητοῖς οὐδὲ μισθίοις ἐποιήσατο παιδαγωγοῖς ὁ Λυκοῦργος

     ...toùs dè Spartiatôn paîdas ouk epì ōnētoîs oudè misthíois epoiḗsato paidagōgoîs ho Lukoûrgos

     ...for the children of the Spartans, Lycurgus countenanced neither bought nor hired tutors

   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, ANTONIUS 6, (from Plutarch's Lives, volume V: source link):

     ...ὅτι φαύλως ἠμφιεσμένον εἶδεν Ἀντώνιον καὶ Κάσσιον ἐπὶ ζεύγους μισθίου πεφευγότας πρὸς αὐτόν

     ...hóti phaúlōs ēmphiesménon eîden Antṓnion kaì Kássion epì zeúgous misthíou pepheugótas pròs autón

2. (substantive) hired labourer
   • Bible, LEVITICUS 25.50, (from The Leviticus: source link):

     καὶ ἔσται τὸ ἀργύριον τῆς πράσεως αὐτοῦ ὡς μισθίου

     kaì éstai tò argúrion tês práseōs autoû hōs misthíou

   • Bible, JOB 7.1, (from The Book of Job: source link):

     πότερον οὐχὶ πειρατήριόν ἐστιν ὁ βίος ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ὥσπερ μισθίου αὐθημερινοῦ ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ

     póteron oukhì peiratḗrión estin ho bíos anthrṓpou epì tês gês kaì hṓsper misthíou authēmerinoû hē zōḕ autoû

   • Bible, TOBIT 5.12, (from The Book of Tobit: source link):

     φυλὴν καὶ πατριὰν σὺ ζητεῖς ἢ μίσθιον

     phulḕn kaì patriàn sù zēteîs ḕ místhion

   • Bible, SIRACH 7.10, (from The Book of Sirach: source link):

     μὴ κακώσῃς οἰκέτην ἐργαζόμενον ἐν ἀληθείᾳ, μηδὲ μίσθιον διδόντα ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ

     mḕ kakṓsēis oikétēn ergazómenon en alētheíāi, mēdè místhion didónta psukhḕn autoû

   • Bible, SIRACH 31.22, (from The Book of Sirach: source link):

     καὶ ἐκχέων αἷμα ὁ ἀποστερῶν μισθὸν μισθίου

     kaì ekkhéōn haîma ho aposterôn misthòn misthíou

   • Bible, SIRACH 37.11, (from The Book of Sirach: source link):

     ...καὶ μετὰ μισθίου ἐφεστίου περὶ συντελείας

     ...kaì metà misthíou ephestíou perì sunteleías

     ...nor with a domestic worker about completing the work

3. (substantive) hired servant
   • Bible, LUKE 15.17, (from The Gospel according to LUKE: source link):

     εἰς ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἐλθὼν εἶπε, Πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύουσιν ἄρτων, ἐγὼ δὲ λιμῷ ἀπόλλυμαι·

     eis heautòn dè elthṑn eîpe, Pósoi místhioi toû patrós mou perisseúousin ártōn, egṑ dè limôi apóllumai;

   • Bible, LUKE 15.19, (from The Gospel according to LUKE: source link):

     καὶ οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου· ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου

     kaì oukéti eimì áxios klēthênai huiós sou; poíēsón me hōs héna tôn misthíōn sou

     I am no longer fit to be your son, make me one of your hired servants

4. (substantive) (in the plural) mercenaries

Inflection

First and second declension of μίσθιος; μισθίᾱ; μίσθιον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		μίσθιος místhios	μισθίᾱ misthíā	μίσθιον místhion		μισθίω misthíō	μισθίᾱ misthíā	μισθίω misthíō		μίσθιοι místhioi	μίσθιαι místhiai	μίσθιᾰ místhia
Genitive		μισθίου misthíou	μισθίᾱς misthíās	μισθίου misthíou		μισθίοιν misthíoin	μισθίαιν misthíain	μισθίοιν misthíoin		μισθίων misthíōn	μισθίων misthíōn	μισθίων misthíōn
Dative		μισθίῳ misthíōi	μισθίᾳ misthíāi	μισθίῳ misthíōi		μισθίοιν misthíoin	μισθίαιν misthíain	μισθίοιν misthíoin		μισθίοις misthíois	μισθίαις misthíais	μισθίοις misthíois
Accusative		μίσθιον místhion	μισθίᾱν misthíān	μίσθιον místhion		μισθίω misthíō	μισθίᾱ misthíā	μισθίω misthíō		μισθίους misthíous	μισθίᾱς misthíās	μίσθιᾰ místhia
Vocative		μίσθιε místhie	μισθίᾱ misthíā	μίσθιον místhion		μισθίω misthíō	μισθίᾱ misthíā	μισθίω misthíō		μίσθιοι místhioi	μίσθιαι místhiai	μίσθιᾰ místhia
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		μισθίως misthíōs				μισθιότερος misthióteros				μισθιότᾰτος misthiótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

• μίσθιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette