اتفاقا

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِتِّفَاقًا (ittifāqan).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔit.ti.fɑː.qan]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑː.qän]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑː.qän]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑː.qän]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔit̪.t̪ʰi.fɔː.qän]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔet̪.t̪ʰe.fɒː.ʁæn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔit̪.t̪ʰi.fɔ.qän]

Readings
Classical reading?	ittifāqan
Dari reading?	ittifāqan
Iranian reading?	ettefâğan
Tajik reading?	ittifoqan

Adverb

اتفاقا • (ettefâqan)

1. accidentally, by chance
   • c. 1260, Rumi, “4:186”, in The Masnavi:

     خواست دختر را ببیند زیر دست، اتفاقا دختر اندر مکتبست

     xâst doxtar-râ be-binad zir-e dast, ettefâqan doxtar andar maktab-ast

     She wished to privately meet with the girl, [but] as it so happens the girl is at the maktab

2. occasionally

Related terms

• اتفاق (ettefâq, “chance, accident”)

Descendants

• → Hindustani:

  Urdu: اتفاقاً (ittifāqan)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اتفاقاً (ittifāqan), itself from Arabic اِتِّفَاقًا (ittifāqan).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪt̪.t̪ɪ.fɑː.qən/, [ɪt̪.t̪e.fɑː.qən], [-kən]
• Rhymes: -ən

Adjective

اِتِّفاقاً • (ittifāqan) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling इत्तिफ़ाक़न)

1. incidental, by accident

Adverb

اِتِّفاقاً • (ittifāqan) (Hindi spelling इत्तिफ़ाक़न)

1. incidentally, accidentally, coincidentally, by chance

Further reading

• “اتفاقا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “اتفاقا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “اتفاق”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.