خیلی
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Persian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Arabic خَيْل (ḵayl, “horses”). [1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ˈxaj.leː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ˈxejliː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χǽj.le]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | xaylē |
| Dari reading? | xaylē |
| Iranian reading? | xeyli |
| Tajik reading? | xayle |
| Dari | بسیار |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | خیلی |
| Tajik | бисёр |
Adverb[edit]
خیلی • (xeyli)
Adjective[edit]
خیلی از • (xeyli az)
- many of
- خیلی از دوستام فیلمای آمریکایی رو دوست دارن.
- xeyli az dustâm filmâye âmrikâi ro dust dâran.
- A lot of my friends like American movies.
Usage notes[edit]
بسیار (bisyâr) and خیلی (xeyli) are both used in all dialects. In Iranian Persian خیلی (xeyli) is used most of the time and بسیار (besyâr) acts as a more emphatic version of خیلی (xeyli). The opposite is true in Tajik Persian. In Dari بسیار (bisyâr) is slightly more common but neither word is more emphatic than the other.[2] The classical pronunciation of خَیْلی (xaylē) has been lost in most dialects. While the classical pronunciation is still official in Standard Dari,[4] it is usually not observed in informal speech.
Descendants[edit]
- → Armenian: խելի (xeli), խեյլի (xeyli), խիլի (xili), ⇒ խել մը (xel mə)
- → Azerbaijani: xeyli
- → Kumyk: хыйлы (xıylı)
- → Kyrgyz: кыйла (kıyla)
- → Lezgi: хейлин (χejlin), хейлах (χejlaχ)
- → Ottoman Turkish: خیلی
- → Urdu: خیلے (xele)
- Uzbek: xiyla
References[edit]
- ^ According to Dehkhoda, the semantic shift is from Saadi Shirazi's Gulistān:
1258, Saadi Shirazi, Gulistan:
- اندک اندک خیلی شود و قطره قطره سیلی گردد
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Intro to Tajik Persian”, in Persian Language Online, 2020-06-12, accessed 2022-12-30, "Tajik хеле/ḫele may be more intense than бисёр/bisyār, where as the Iranian خیلی/ḫeylī is less intense than بسیار/besyār. The classical pronunciation of خیلی is ḫaylē, which has not been retained by the common pronunciation of either varieties."
- ^ خیلی in Wilson English-Dari Dictionary, Webonary, 2021-10-06, accessed 2022-12-30, "very- 1) بسیار besIyAr 2) خیلی khElI 3) زیاد zIyAt/zIyAd"
- ^ خیلی, in قاموس کبیر افغانستان, Afghan Dictionary, 2017