Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ěnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Taken from old consonantal stem nouns in *-en- with a generalized long grade. This is also suggested by the adjectives built from a */men/-stem nouns, e.g.

• *kamy (“stone”) → *kaměnъ (“stony, rocky, made of stone”) (and not **kameněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)
• *polmy (“flame”) → *polměnъ (“fiery”) (and not **polmeněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)

Adjective

*-ěnъ

1. Forming adjectives meaning 'made of <the baseword>'; -en
   1. Denominal

      *volsъ (“hair”) → *volsěnъ (“made of (horse) hair”)

      *dervo (“tree”) → *dervěnъ (“wooden, made of wood”)

      *lьnъ (“linen”) → *lьněnъ (“flaxen, linen”)

   2. Deverbative

      *děti, *dějati (“to do, make”) → *dobro-dějanъ (“virtuous”)

      *piti (“drink”) → *pьjanъ (“drunk”)

Declension

Indefinite declension of *-ěnъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ěnъ	*ěna	*ěno
genitive	*ěna	*ěny	*ěna
dative	*ěnu	*ěně	*ěnu
accusative	*ěnъ	*ěnǫ	*ěno
instrumental	*ěnomь	*ěnojǫ	*ěnomь
locative	*ěně	*ěně	*ěně
vocative	*ěne	*ěno	*ěno
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ěna	*ěně	*ěně
genitive	*ěnu	*ěnu	*ěnu
dative	*ěnoma	*ěnama	*ěnoma
accusative	*ěna	*ěně	*ěně
instrumental	*ěnoma	*ěnama	*ěnoma
locative	*ěnu	*ěnu	*ěnu
vocative	*ěna	*ěně	*ěně
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ěni	*ěny	*ěna
genitive	*ěnъ	*ěnъ	*ěnъ
dative	*ěnomъ	*ěnamъ	*ěnomъ
accusative	*ěny	*ěny	*ěna
instrumental	*ěny	*ěnami	*ěny
locative	*ěněxъ	*ěnaxъ	*ěněxъ
vocative	*ěni	*ěny	*ěna

Definite declension of *-ěnъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ěnъjь	*ěnaja	*ěnoje
genitive	*ěnajego	*ěnyję̇	*ěnajego
dative	*ěnujemu	*ěněji	*ěnujemu
accusative	*ěnъjь	*ěnǫjǫ	*ěnoje
instrumental	*ěnyjimь	*ěnǫjǫ	*ěnyjimь
locative	*ěnějemь	*ěněji	*ěnějemь
vocative	*ěnъjь	*ěnaja	*ěnoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ěnaja	*ěněji	*ěněji
genitive	*ěnuju	*ěnuju	*ěnuju
dative	*ěnyjima	*ěnyjima	*ěnyjima
accusative	*ěnaja	*ěněji	*ěněji
instrumental	*ěnyjima	*ěnyjima	*ěnyjima
locative	*ěnuju	*ěnuju	*ěnuju
vocative	*ěnaja	*ěněji	*ěněji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ěniji	*ěnyję̇	*ěnaja
genitive	*ěnъjixъ	*ěnъjixъ	*ěnъjixъ
dative	*ěnyjimъ	*ěnyjimъ	*ěnyjimъ
accusative	*ěnyję̇	*ěnyję̇	*ěnaja
instrumental	*ěnyjimi	*ěnyjimi	*ěnyjimi
locative	*ěnyjixъ	*ěnyjixъ	*ěnyjixъ
vocative	*ěniji	*ěnyję̇	*ěnaja

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ěnъ

Related terms

• *-nъ
• *-ьnъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: -яно́й (-janój), -я́ный (-jányj), -я́нный (-jánnyj) (< *-ěnьnъ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: -ѣнъ (-ěnŭ)
  • Bulgarian: -ен (-en), -енен (-enen)
  • Macedonian: -ен (-en)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: -ен

    Latin script: -en

  • Slovene: -en
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: -ěný
  • Old Polish: -any
    • Polish: -any
  • Slovak: -ený

References

• Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 93