Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zemь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źémē, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰem-, the oblique stem of *dʰéǵʰōm.

Noun

*zèmь or *zȅmь f

1. earth, soil

Inflection

Declension of *zèmь (i-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*zèmь	*zemì	*zemì
genitive	*zèmi	*zèmьju, *zemľu*	*zemь̀jь, *zèmi*
dative	*zemì	*zèmьma	*zemь̀mъ
accusative	*zèmь	*zemì	*zemì
instrumental	*zèmьjǫ, *zèmľǫ*	*zèmьma	*zèmьmī
locative	*zèmi	*zèmьju, *zemľu*	*zemь̀xъ
vocative	*zemi	*zemì	*zemì

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Declension of *zȅmь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*zȅmь	*zȅmi	*zȅmi
genitive	*zemí	*zemьjù, *zemľu*	*zemь̀jь
dative	*zȅmi	*zemьmà	*zȅmьmъ
accusative	*zȅmь	*zȅmi	*zȅmi
instrumental	*zemьjǫ́	*zemьmà	*zemьmì
locative	*zemí	*zemьjù, *zemľu*	*zȅmьxъ
vocative	*zemi	*zȅmi	*zȅmi

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *nazemъ / *nazьma / *nazьmъ
• *nazemьnъ
• *podъzemьnъ
• *ob zemь, *ob zьmь, *ob zьmi
  • *ozemъkъ / *ozemъka
• *zemľa
• *zemьnъ (“pertaining to soil, earth”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: земь (zemĭ)
    • Russian: -зём (-zjóm)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: zem
  • Polish: ziem