Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵn̥néh₃ti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From *ǵneh₃- (“to recognise, know”) + *-né- (nasal infix).
Verb[edit]
*ǵn̥néh₃ti (imperfective)
Inflection[edit]
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *ǵn̥néh₃ti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ǵn̥nh₃énti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ǵn̥néh₃mi | *ǵn̥néh₃m̥ | — | *ǵn̥néh₃oh₂ | *ǵn̥nh₃yéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *ǵn̥néh₃si | *ǵn̥néh₃s | *ǵn̥néh₃, *ǵn̥nh₃dʰí | *ǵn̥néh₃esi | *ǵn̥nh₃yéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *ǵn̥néh₃ti | *ǵn̥néh₃t | *ǵn̥néh₃tu | *ǵn̥néh₃eti | *ǵn̥nh₃yéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *ǵn̥nh₃wós | *ǵn̥nh₃wé | — | *ǵn̥néh₃owos | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *ǵn̥nh₃tés | *ǵn̥nh₃tóm | *ǵn̥nh₃tóm | *ǵn̥néh₃etes | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *ǵn̥nh₃tés | *ǵn̥nh₃tā́m | *ǵn̥nh₃tā́m | *ǵn̥néh₃etes | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *ǵn̥nh₃mós | *ǵn̥nh₃mé | — | *ǵn̥néh₃omos | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *ǵn̥nh₃té | *ǵn̥nh₃té | *ǵn̥nh₃té | *ǵn̥néh₃ete | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *ǵn̥nh₃énti | *ǵn̥nh₃ént | *ǵn̥nh₃éntu | *ǵn̥néh₃onti | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁ént |
| Participle | *ǵn̥nh₃ónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ǵn̥nh₃h₂ér | *ǵn̥nh₃h₂é | — | *ǵn̥néh₃oh₂er | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *ǵn̥nh₃th₂ér | *ǵn̥nh₃th₂é | *ǵn̥nh₃só | *ǵn̥néh₃eth₂er | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *ǵn̥nh₃tór, *ǵn̥nh₃ór | *ǵn̥nh₃tó, *ǵn̥nh₃ó | *? | *ǵn̥néh₃etor | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁tó, *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *ǵn̥nh₃wósdʰh₂ | *ǵn̥nh₃wédʰh₂ | — | *ǵn̥néh₃owosdʰh₂ | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ǵn̥nh₃mósdʰh₂ | *ǵn̥nh₃médʰh₂ | — | *ǵn̥néh₃omosdʰh₂ | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ǵn̥nh₃dʰh₂wé | *ǵn̥nh₃dʰh₂wé | *ǵn̥nh₃dʰh₂wé | *ǵn̥néh₃edʰh₂we | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *ǵn̥nh₃rór, *ǵn̥nh₃n̥tór | *ǵn̥nh₃ró, *ǵn̥nh₃n̥tó | *? | *ǵn̥néh₃oror, *ǵn̥néh₃ontor | *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁ró, *ǵn̥nh₃ih₁n̥tó |
| Participle | *ǵn̥nh₃m̥h₁nós | ||||
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źināˀtei (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *gnināti (“to recognize”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *kunnaną (“to know (how), be able to”) (innovated root *ǵenn-) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *kannijaną (“to know, to recognise”) (causative of the above innovated root) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ānáHti (“to know, recognize”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: knānat