Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/varma

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown.

Adjective

*varma

1. strong, sturdy

Inflection

Inflection of *varma

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*varma	*varmat
accusative		*varman	*varmat
genitive		*varman	*varmadën *varmoidën
partitive		*varmada	*varmoida
inessive		*varmassa *varmahna	*varmoissa *varmoihna
elative		*varmasta	*varmoista
illative		*varmahën	*varmoihën
adessive		*varmalla	*varmoilla
ablative		*varmalta	*varmoilta
allative		*varmalën *varmalëk	*varmoilën *varmoilëk
essive		*varmana	*varmoina
translative		*varmaksi	*varmoiksi
instructive		*varman	*varmoin
comitative		*varmanëk	*varmoinëk
abessive		*varmatta	*varmoitta

Descendants

• ⇒ Estonian: varmas (“quick, brisk; strong, sturdy”)
• Finnish: varma (“sure”)
• Ingrian: varma
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: varma (“sure; brisk”)
  • South Karelian: varma (“sure; brisk”)
• ⇒ Veps: varmed
• Votic: varmõ

Further reading

• “varmas”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “varma”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN