Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulmaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *hulmô

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *kl̥Hmos, likely from an original mn-stem; from Proto-Indo-European *kelH-. Cognate with Latin columen (“summit, peak”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxul.mɑz/

Noun

*hulmaz m

1. small island, hill, mound

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hulmaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hulmaz	*hulmōz, *hulmōs
vocative	*hulm	*hulmōz, *hulmōs
accusative	*hulmą	*hulmanz
genitive	*hulmas, *hulmis	*hulmǫ̂
dative	*hulmai	*hulmamaz
instrumental	*hulmō	*hulmamiz

Related terms

• *hulliz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *holm
  • Old English: holm (meaning influenced by Old Norse holmr)
    • Middle English: holm, holme
      • English: holm
      • Scots: holm, hulm, houm
  • Old Saxon: holm
    • Middle Low German: holm
      • Low German: Holm
      • → German: Holm
  • Old Dutch: holm
    • Middle Dutch: holm
      • Dutch: holm
• Old Norse: holmr
  • Icelandic: hólmur
  • Faroese: hólmur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: holm, holme; (dialectal) hølm, hølme, hómi, hùlme
  • Old Swedish: holmber, hulmber; holme
    • Swedish: holme
  • Old Danish: hulm
    • Danish: holm
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hulms)
• → Proto-Slavic: *xъlmъ (from an unknown Germanic language)

Further reading

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN