Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰrem-
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Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Root[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- *gʰrem-é-ti ~ *gʰr̥m-énti (root thematic present)[2]
- *gʰé-gʰrem-ti ~ *gʰé-gʰr̥m-n̥ti (reduplicated athematic root present)[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: gramė́ti (“to fall with a rumble”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *gʰrém-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰrámyati
- *gʰrom-éye-ti (eye-causative)[2][5]
- >? Proto-Germanic: *gramjaną (see there for further descendants)
- *gʰr̥-né-m-ti ~ *gʰr̥-n-m-énti (nasal-infix)
- *gʰr̥m-éh₁-ti (eh₁-stative)[2][7]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grimēˀtei[7]
- Proto-Slavic: *grьměti (“to thunder, to roar”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grimēˀtei[7]
- *gʰr̥m-sḱé-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥msćáti
- Proto-Iranian: *gʰr̥mšáti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥msćáti
- *ǵʰrem-no-s[8][4]
- Proto-Germanic: *grimmaz (“grim, grimly, fierce”) (see there for further descendants)
References[edit]
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. ghrem-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 458-459
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gʰrem-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 204
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 153: “PIE *ghrem- ‘growl, make a menacing noise’”
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χρεμετίζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1647
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gramjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186: “*ghrom-éie-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grimman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190: “*ghrém-n-e- or *ghr-én-m-e-”
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “*grumėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 190-191: “BSL *grimeʔ-; PIE *ghrm-eh₁-”
- ^ Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “grim”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 144: “*gʰremno-”