Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/tarbagan

This Proto-Mongolic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mongolic

Etymology

Sometimes connected with Ulch, Nanai тарга (targa, “beaver”), which themselves may be compared with Nivkh тʼаӻр (tʼaꜧ̇r, “chipmunk”).

Perhaps separable into *tarba- +‎ *-gan, with the second element recurring in other animal names.

Noun

*tarbagan

1. marmot

Descendants

• Middle Mongol:
  • Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ (tarbaɣan-u) (genitive)
• Mongolian:
  • Classical: ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ (tarbag-a)
  • Khalkha Mongolian: тарвага (tarvaga)
  • Ordos: /tʰarwaɢa/
• Buryat: тарбага(н) (tarbaga(n))
  • Khamnigan Mongol: тарбага(н)
• Kalmyk: тарвлһн (tarvlğn)
• Daur: tarbeg
• East Yugur: targhwan, tawarghan (Qinglong)
• Monguor:
  • Mongghul: tarbugha
  • Mangghuer: [Term?] (tarbaga)
• Turkic:
  • → Kazakh: тарбаған (tarbağan)
  • → Khakas: тарбаған (tarbağan)
  • → Southern Altai: тарбаган (tarbagan)
    • → Russian: тарбаган (tarbagan)
      • → English: tarbagan
  • → Yakut: таарбаҕан (taarbağan)
• Tungusic:
  • → Evenki: тарбага̄ (tarbagā)
  • → Even: тарбахан (tarʙahan) (Arman)
  • → Manchu: ᡨᠠᡵᠪᠠᡥᡳ (tarbahi), ᡨᠠᡵᠪᠠᡴᡳ (tarbaki), ᡨᠠᡵᠪᡳᡥᡳ (tarbihi)
  • →Solon: табха (tabha), тарбаха (tarbaha)

References

• Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, page 512
• Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 167
• Rozycki, William Vincent (1994) Mongol Elements in Manchu (Uralic and Altaic series; 157), Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, page 264