Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/kɔlni

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This Proto-Permic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Permic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Uralic *kelke-. Cognates include Proto-Samic *këlkëtēk.

Verb

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*kɔlni (stem *kɔl-)

  1. (intransitive) to be necessary

Conjugation

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Conjugation of *kɔlni (stem: *kɔl-)
Note: The Proto-Permic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
Present Future Preterite Perfect
1st singular *kɔla *kɔli *kɔlämi
2nd singular *kɔlad *kɔlid *kɔlämid
3rd singular *kɔlä *kɔlas *kɔli *kɔlämi
1st plural *kɔlami *kɔlimi *kɔlämmi
2nd plural *kɔladi *kɔlidi *kɔlämdi
3rd plural *kɔla *kɔlazi *kɔli *kɔlämi
Imperative Connegative
Singular *kɔl Infinitive *kɔlni
Plural *kɔlä Gerund *kɔlman
Present participle Imperfect participle Perfect participle Caritive participle
*kɔliś *kɔlan *kɔläm *kɔltäm

Descendants

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  • Komi:
    • Komi-Permyak: ко́вны (kóvny)
    • Komi-Yazva: ко́лнө (kólnå)
    • Komi-Zyrian: ковны (kovny)
  • Udmurt: кулэ (kule) (3rd person singular)

References

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  • Lytkin, V. I., Gulyaev, E. S., editors (1970), “ковны”, in Краткий этимологический словарь коми языка [Brief Etymological Dictionary of the Komi Language]‎[1] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka