Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/dam-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *dam- (“blood”).

Noun

*dam- m

1. blood

Inflection

Declension of *dam-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*damum	*damāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*damim	*damayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*damam
possessive forms
1st person	*damī / *damVya	—	*damVni
2nd person m	*damVka	*damVkumā / *damVkumay	*damVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*damVki		*damVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*damVšu	*damVšumā / *damVšumay	*damVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*damVša		*damVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *damuya for nom. case, *damiya for gen. case, *damaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *dam- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *damuka *damāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *damika *damayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *damaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *dam- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *damuki *damāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *damiki *damayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *damaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒁁 (dāmum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: دَم (dam)
      • Hijazi Arabic: دَمّ (damm)
      • Maltese: demm
      • Moroccan Arabic: دم (damm)
      • → Indonesian: dam (“punishment”)
      • → Swahili: damu
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: דְּמָא (dəmā)
        • Classical Syriac: ܕ݁ܡܳܐ (dəmā)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: דָּם (dam, dām)
        • Phoenician: 𐤃𐤌 (dm)
          • Punic: 𐤃𐤌 (dm)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎄𐎎 (dm /⁠damu⁠/)
    • Old South Arabian:
      • Old South Arabian: 𐩵𐩣 (dm)
      • Sabaean: 𐩵𐩣 (dm)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: ደም (däm)
    • Ge'ez: ደም (däm)
    • Harari: ደም (däm)
    • Tigrinya: ደም (däm)
    • Tigre: ደም (däm)