Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dreugan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *dreuganą (“to mislead”).

Verb

*dreugan

2. to mislead, deceive

Inflection

Strong class 2
Infinitive	*dreugan
1st sg. past	*draug
3rd pl. past	*drugun
Past ptcple	*drogan
Infinitive	*dreugan
Genitive infin.	*dreugannjas
Dative infin.	*dreugannjē
Instrum. infin.	*dreugannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*dreugu	*draug
2nd singular	*driugiʀi	*drugī
3rd singular	*driugidi	*draug
1st plural	*dreugum	*drugum
2nd plural	*driugid	*drugud
3rd plural	*dreugand	*drugun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*dreugē	*drugī
2nd singular	*dreugēs	*drugī
3rd singular	*dreugē	*drugī
1st plural	*dreugēm	*drugīm
2nd plural	*dreugēþ	*drugīd
3rd plural	*dreugēn	*drugīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*driug
Plural	*driugid
	Present	Past
Participle	*dreugandī	*drogan

Related terms

Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)‎ (0 c, 12 e)

Descendants

• Old Frisian: driāga
  • Saterland Frisian: drjooge
• Old Saxon: driogan
  • Middle Low German: drêgen, drȫgen, drogen
    • German Low German: dregen
• Old Dutch: *driegan
  • Middle Dutch: driegen
    • Dutch: bedriegen
• Old High German: triogan
  • Middle High German: triegen, trūgen
    • German: trügen

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *dreuganą (“to serve”).

Verb

*dreugan

2. to serve, to be a retainer

Inflection

Strong class 2
Infinitive	*dreugan
1st sg. past	*draug
3rd pl. past	*drugun
Past ptcple	*drogan
Infinitive	*dreugan
Genitive infin.	*dreugannjas
Dative infin.	*dreugannjē
Instrum. infin.	*dreugannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*dreugu	*draug
2nd singular	*driugiʀi	*drugī
3rd singular	*driugidi	*draug
1st plural	*dreugum	*drugum
2nd plural	*driugid	*drugud
3rd plural	*dreugand	*drugun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*dreugē	*drugī
2nd singular	*dreugēs	*drugī
3rd singular	*dreugē	*drugī
1st plural	*dreugēm	*drugīm
2nd plural	*dreugēþ	*drugīd
3rd plural	*dreugēn	*drugīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*driug
Plural	*driugid
	Present	Past
Participle	*dreugandī	*drogan

Derived terms

• *druhti
• *druhtin

Descendants

• Old English: drēogan
  • Middle English: dreogen, dregen, dreghen, dreȝen, drehen, dryen, dreen
    • Scots: dre, drie, drey, dree
    • English: dree, drudge