Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krāan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *krēaną.

Verb

*krāan

1. to crow, shout

Inflection

Strong class 7d
Infinitive	*krāan
1st sg. past	*krē
3rd pl. past	*krēun
Past ptcple	*krāan
Infinitive	*krāan
Genitive infin.	*krāannjas
Dative infin.	*krāannjē
Instrum. infin.	*krāannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*krāu	*krē
2nd singular	*krāiʀi	*krēī
3rd singular	*krāidi	*krē
1st plural	*krāum	*krēum
2nd plural	*krāid	*krēud
3rd plural	*krāand	*krēun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*krāē	*krēī
2nd singular	*krāēs	*krēī
3rd singular	*krāē	*krēī
1st plural	*krāēm	*krēīm
2nd plural	*krāēþ	*krēīd
3rd plural	*krāēn	*krēīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*krā
Plural	*krāid
	Present	Past
Participle	*krāandī	*krāan

Alternative reconstructions

• *krājan

Related terms

• *krāā

Descendants

• Old English: crāwan
  • Middle English: crawen, crowen
    • Scots: craw
    • English: crow
• Old Saxon: krāian
  • Middle Low German: kreien
• Old Dutch: crāien
  • Middle Dutch: crâyen
    • Dutch: kraaien
• Old High German: krāen
  • Middle High German: kraen
    • German: krähen
    • Luxembourgish: kréien