Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pundijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *pundu (“enclosure, lock”) +‎ *-jan

Verb

*pundijan

1. to enclose (animals, water, etc.)

   Synonyms: *bilūkan, *dammijan

2. to lock up

   Synonyms: *leukan, *skuttijan, *sleutan

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*pundijan
1st sg. past	*pundidā
Infinitive	*pundijan
Genitive infin.	*pundijannjas
Dative infin.	*pundijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*pundijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*pundiju	*pundidā
2nd singular	*pundisi	*pundidēs, *pundidōs
3rd singular	*pundiþi	*pundidē, *pundidā
1st plural	*pundijum	*pundidum
2nd plural	*pundiþ	*pundidud
3rd plural	*pundijanþ	*pundidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*pundijē	*pundidī
2nd singular	*pundijēs	*pundidī
3rd singular	*pundijē	*pundidī
1st plural	*pundijēm	*pundidīm
2nd plural	*pundijēþ	*pundidīd
3rd plural	*pundijēn	*pundidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*pundi
Plural	*pundiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*pundijandī	*pundid

Descendants

• Old English: *pyndan
  • Middle English: pynden, pende, peynde, poyne, puinde, pynde (coalesced with descendant of ġepyndan)
    • English: pind (dialectal)
    • Middle Scots: poynd, puynd
      • Scots: pund, puind, poind, pynd, pind
      • → English: poind
  • → Old Norse: pynda
    • Icelandic: pynda, pynta
• Old Frisian: *penda
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: bipenda (“to lock up, make inaccessible”)