These are the rules concerning transliteration in Thai entries.
Consonants[edit]
|
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1
|
2
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3
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4
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5
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6
|
7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
|
22
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| Tone class
|
mid
|
high
|
low
|
mid
|
high
|
low
|
mid
|
high
|
low
|
mid
|
high
|
| Consonants
|
ก
|
ข
|
ฃ1
|
ค
|
ฅ1
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ฆ
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ง
|
จ
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ฉ
|
ช6
|
ซ6
|
ฌ6
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ญ
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ฎ
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ฏ
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ฐ
|
ฑ
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ฒ
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ณ
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ด
|
ต
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ถ
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| Paiboon
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Initials
|
g
|
k
|
ng
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j
|
ch
|
s
|
ch
|
y
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d
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dt
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t
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n
|
d
|
dt
|
t
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| Finals
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k
|
(k)
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k
|
(k)
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k
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t
|
(t)
|
t
|
n
|
t
|
t
|
| Royal Institute
|
Initials
|
k
|
kh
|
ng
|
ch
|
s
|
ch
|
y
|
d
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t
|
th
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n
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d
|
t
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th
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| Finals
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k
|
(k)
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k
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(k)
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k
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t
|
(t)
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t
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n
|
t
|
t
|
|
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
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37
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38
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39
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40
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41
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42
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43
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44
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| Tone class
|
low
|
mid
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high
|
low
|
low
|
high
|
low
|
mid
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low
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| Consonants
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ท
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ธ
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น
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บ
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ป
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ผ
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ฝ
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พ
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ฟ6
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ภ
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ม
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ย
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ร4,5
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ล5,6
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ว
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ศ
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ษ
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ส6
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ห
|
ฬ
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อ
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ฮ
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| Paiboon
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Initials
|
t
|
n
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b
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bp
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p
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f
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p
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f
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p
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m
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y
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r
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l
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w
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s
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h
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l
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–2
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h
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| Finals
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t
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p
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(p)
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p
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i3
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n
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o3
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t
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(h)
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n
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–
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(h)
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| Royal Institute
|
Initials
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th
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n
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b
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p
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ph
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f
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ph
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f
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ph
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m
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y
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r
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l
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w
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s
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h
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l
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–2
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h
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| Finals
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t
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p
|
(p)
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p
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i3
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n
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o3
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t
|
(h)
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n
|
–
|
(h)
|
- Obsolete letters
- Silent as initial consonant
- Part of a diphthong
- Final ร without a vowel mark = ɔɔn; Medial รร = a
- ฤ = รึ (rʉ, rue); ฤๅ = รือ: (rʉʉ, rue); ฦ = ลึ (lʉ, lue); ฦๅ = ลือ: (lʉʉ, lue). However, their pronunciation might change in words.
- Western loanwords sometimes use initials as alternative finals instead.
- Finals in parentheses are theoretical and they have never occured.
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1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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| Vowels
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Open syllable
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◌ะ
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◌า
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◌ิ
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◌ี
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◌ึ
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◌ือ
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◌ุ
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◌ู
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เ◌ะ
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เ◌
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แ◌ะ
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แ◌
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โ◌ะ
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โ◌
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เ◌าะ
|
◌อ (◌ɔɔ)
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เ◌อะ
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เ◌อ
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เ◌ียะ
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เ◌ีย
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เ◌ือะ
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เ◌ือ
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◌ัวะ
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◌ัว
|
–
|
ไ◌
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ใ◌
|
เ◌า
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| Closed syllable
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◌ั
|
◌ื
|
เ◌็
|
แ◌็
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◌
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◌็อ
|
เ◌ิ
|
เ◌ีย
|
เ◌ือ
|
◌ว (◌wɔɔ)
|
◌ำ
|
–
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| Paiboon
|
a
|
aa
|
i
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ii
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ʉ
|
ʉʉ
|
u
|
uu
|
e
|
ee
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ɛ
|
ɛɛ
|
o
|
oo
|
ɔ
|
ɔɔ
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ə
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əə
|
ia
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iia
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ʉa
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ʉʉa
|
ua
|
uua
|
am
|
ai
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ao
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| Royal Institute
|
a
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i
|
ue
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u
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e
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ae
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o
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oe
|
ia
|
uea
|
ua
|
am
|
ai
|
ao
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Phonetic diphthongs[edit]
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1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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| Diphthongs
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◌ัย
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◌าย
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◌าว
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◌ิว
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◌ึย
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◌ุย
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◌ูย
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เ◌็ว
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เ◌ว
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แ◌็ว
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แ◌ว
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โ◌ย
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◌็อย
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◌อย
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เ◌ย
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เ◌ียว
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เ◌ือย
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◌วย
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| Paiboon
|
ai
|
aai
|
aao
|
iu
|
ʉi
|
ui
|
uui
|
eo
|
eeo
|
ɛo
|
ɛɛo
|
ooi
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ɔi
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ɔɔi
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əəi
|
iiao
|
ʉʉai
|
uuai
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| Royal Institute
|
ai
|
ao
|
io
|
uei
|
ui
|
eo
|
aeo
|
oi
|
oei
|
iao
|
ueai
|
uai
|
Tone marks[edit]
|
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
| Tone marks
|
no mark
|
◌่
|
◌้
|
◌๊
|
◌๋
|
| Syllable type
|
live1
|
short
dead2
|
long
dead2
|
| Paiboon
|
High class
|
◌̌
|
◌̀
|
◌̂
|
–
|
| Mid class
|
◌
|
◌́
|
◌̌
|
| Low class
|
◌́
|
◌̂
|
◌́
|
–
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| Royal Institute
|
not present at all
|
- Syllable ending in long vowel, diphthong or nasal
- Syllable ending in a short vowel or plosive
Lexical ordering
| First level
|
left to right |
end of string < consonant symbol <? Thai numeral
|
| Second level
|
by consonant, left to right |
inherent vowel < vowel symbol
|
| Third level
|
left to right |
no tone mark < tone mark
|
Numerals
| Hindu-Arabic
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9
|
| Thai
|
๐ (0) |
๑ (1) |
๒ (2) |
๓ (3) |
๔ (4) |
๕ (5) |
๖ (6) |
๗ (7) |
๘ (8) |
๙ (9)
|
- Other symbols of undetermined ordering: ◌็, ◌์, ฯ, ๆ
- Foreign and archaic characters: ◌ํ (alone) ◌ฺ, ◌๎
