khumbuza

Northern Ndebele

Verb

-khúmbúza

1. to remind

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Verb

-khúmbúza

1. (transitive) to remind
2. (transitive) to remember

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

Causative form of -khumbula.

Verb

-khumbúza

1. (transitive) to remind

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukukhumbuza
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukukhumbuza	ukungakhumbuzi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	khumbuza	-khumbuze
Plural	khumbuzani	-khumbuzeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyakhumbuza, ngikhumbuza	engikhumbuzayo, engikhumbuza	ngikhumbuza	angikhumbuzi	engingakhumbuzi	ngingakhumbuzi
2nd singular	uyakhumbuza, ukhumbuza	okhumbuzayo, okhumbuza	ukhumbuza	awukhumbuzi	ongakhumbuzi	ungakhumbuzi
1st plural	siyakhumbuza, sikhumbuza	esikhumbuzayo, esikhumbuza	sikhumbuza	asikhumbuzi	esingakhumbuzi	singakhumbuzi
2nd plural	niyakhumbuza, nikhumbuza	enikhumbuzayo, enikhumbuza	nikhumbuza	anikhumbuzi	eningakhumbuzi	ningakhumbuzi
Class 1	uyakhumbuza, ukhumbuza	okhumbuzayo, okhumbuza	ekhumbuza	akakhumbuzi	ongakhumbuzi	engakhumbuzi
Class 2	bayakhumbuza, bakhumbuza	abakhumbuzayo, abakhumbuza	bekhumbuza	abakhumbuzi	abangakhumbuzi	bengakhumbuzi
Class 3	uyakhumbuza, ukhumbuza	okhumbuzayo, okhumbuza	ukhumbuza	awukhumbuzi	ongakhumbuzi	ungakhumbuzi
Class 4	iyakhumbuza, ikhumbuza	ekhumbuzayo, ekhumbuza	ikhumbuza	ayikhumbuzi	engakhumbuzi	ingakhumbuzi
Class 5	liyakhumbuza, likhumbuza	elikhumbuzayo, elikhumbuza	likhumbuza	alikhumbuzi	elingakhumbuzi	lingakhumbuzi
Class 6	ayakhumbuza, akhumbuza	akhumbuzayo, akhumbuza	ekhumbuza	awakhumbuzi	angakhumbuzi	engakhumbuzi
Class 7	siyakhumbuza, sikhumbuza	esikhumbuzayo, esikhumbuza	sikhumbuza	asikhumbuzi	esingakhumbuzi	singakhumbuzi
Class 8	ziyakhumbuza, zikhumbuza	ezikhumbuzayo, ezikhumbuza	zikhumbuza	azikhumbuzi	ezingakhumbuzi	zingakhumbuzi
Class 9	iyakhumbuza, ikhumbuza	ekhumbuzayo, ekhumbuza	ikhumbuza	ayikhumbuzi	engakhumbuzi	ingakhumbuzi
Class 10	ziyakhumbuza, zikhumbuza	ezikhumbuzayo, ezikhumbuza	zikhumbuza	azikhumbuzi	ezingakhumbuzi	zingakhumbuzi
Class 11	luyakhumbuza, lukhumbuza	olukhumbuzayo, olukhumbuza	lukhumbuza	alukhumbuzi	olungakhumbuzi	lungakhumbuzi
Class 14	buyakhumbuza, bukhumbuza	obukhumbuzayo, obukhumbuza	bukhumbuza	abukhumbuzi	obungakhumbuzi	bungakhumbuzi
Class 15	kuyakhumbuza, kukhumbuza	okukhumbuzayo, okukhumbuza	kukhumbuza	akukhumbuzi	okungakhumbuzi	kungakhumbuzi
Class 17	kuyakhumbuza, kukhumbuza	okukhumbuzayo, okukhumbuza	kukhumbuza	akukhumbuzi	okungakhumbuzi	kungakhumbuzi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngikhumbuzile, ngikhumbuzē	engikhumbuzile, engikhumbuzē	ngikhumbuzile, ngikhumbuzē	angikhumbuzanga	engingakhumbuzanga	ngingakhumbuzanga
2nd singular	ukhumbuzile, ukhumbuzē	okhumbuzile, okhumbuzē	ukhumbuzile, ukhumbuzē	awukhumbuzanga	ongakhumbuzanga	ungakhumbuzanga
1st plural	sikhumbuzile, sikhumbuzē	esikhumbuzile, esikhumbuzē	sikhumbuzile, sikhumbuzē	asikhumbuzanga	esingakhumbuzanga	singakhumbuzanga
2nd plural	nikhumbuzile, nikhumbuzē	enikhumbuzile, enikhumbuzē	nikhumbuzile, nikhumbuzē	anikhumbuzanga	eningakhumbuzanga	ningakhumbuzanga
Class 1	ukhumbuzile, ukhumbuzē	okhumbuzile, okhumbuzē	ekhumbuzile, ekhumbuzē	akakhumbuzanga	ongakhumbuzanga	engakhumbuzanga
Class 2	bakhumbuzile, bakhumbuzē	abakhumbuzile, abakhumbuzē	bekhumbuzile, bekhumbuzē	abakhumbuzanga	abangakhumbuzanga	bengakhumbuzanga
Class 3	ukhumbuzile, ukhumbuzē	okhumbuzile, okhumbuzē	ukhumbuzile, ukhumbuzē	awukhumbuzanga	ongakhumbuzanga	ungakhumbuzanga
Class 4	ikhumbuzile, ikhumbuzē	ekhumbuzile, ekhumbuzē	ikhumbuzile, ikhumbuzē	ayikhumbuzanga	engakhumbuzanga	ingakhumbuzanga
Class 5	likhumbuzile, likhumbuzē	elikhumbuzile, elikhumbuzē	likhumbuzile, likhumbuzē	alikhumbuzanga	elingakhumbuzanga	lingakhumbuzanga
Class 6	akhumbuzile, akhumbuzē	akhumbuzile, akhumbuzē	ekhumbuzile, ekhumbuzē	awakhumbuzanga	angakhumbuzanga	engakhumbuzanga
Class 7	sikhumbuzile, sikhumbuzē	esikhumbuzile, esikhumbuzē	sikhumbuzile, sikhumbuzē	asikhumbuzanga	esingakhumbuzanga	singakhumbuzanga
Class 8	zikhumbuzile, zikhumbuzē	ezikhumbuzile, ezikhumbuzē	zikhumbuzile, zikhumbuzē	azikhumbuzanga	ezingakhumbuzanga	zingakhumbuzanga
Class 9	ikhumbuzile, ikhumbuzē	ekhumbuzile, ekhumbuzē	ikhumbuzile, ikhumbuzē	ayikhumbuzanga	engakhumbuzanga	ingakhumbuzanga
Class 10	zikhumbuzile, zikhumbuzē	ezikhumbuzile, ezikhumbuzē	zikhumbuzile, zikhumbuzē	azikhumbuzanga	ezingakhumbuzanga	zingakhumbuzanga
Class 11	lukhumbuzile, lukhumbuzē	olukhumbuzile, olukhumbuzē	lukhumbuzile, lukhumbuzē	alukhumbuzanga	olungakhumbuzanga	lungakhumbuzanga
Class 14	bukhumbuzile, bukhumbuzē	obukhumbuzile, obukhumbuzē	bukhumbuzile, bukhumbuzē	abukhumbuzanga	obungakhumbuzanga	bungakhumbuzanga
Class 15	kukhumbuzile, kukhumbuzē	okukhumbuzile, okukhumbuzē	kukhumbuzile, kukhumbuzē	akukhumbuzanga	okungakhumbuzanga	kungakhumbuzanga
Class 17	kukhumbuzile, kukhumbuzē	okukhumbuzile, okukhumbuzē	kukhumbuzile, kukhumbuzē	akukhumbuzanga	okungakhumbuzanga	kungakhumbuzanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngākhumbuza	engākhumbuza	ngākhumbuza	angikhumbuzanga	engingakhumbuzanga	ngingakhumbuzanga
2nd singular	wākhumbuza	owākhumbuza	wākhumbuza	awukhumbuzanga	ongakhumbuzanga	ungakhumbuzanga
1st plural	sākhumbuza	esākhumbuza	sākhumbuza	asikhumbuzanga	esingakhumbuzanga	singakhumbuzanga
2nd plural	nākhumbuza	enākhumbuza	nākhumbuza	anikhumbuzanga	eningakhumbuzanga	ningakhumbuzanga
Class 1	wākhumbuza	owākhumbuza	ākhumbuza	akakhumbuzanga	ongakhumbuzanga	engakhumbuzanga
Class 2	bākhumbuza	abākhumbuza	bākhumbuza	abakhumbuzanga	abangakhumbuzanga	bengakhumbuzanga
Class 3	wākhumbuza	owākhumbuza	wākhumbuza	awukhumbuzanga	ongakhumbuzanga	ungakhumbuzanga
Class 4	yākhumbuza	eyākhumbuza	yākhumbuza	ayikhumbuzanga	engakhumbuzanga	ingakhumbuzanga
Class 5	lākhumbuza	elākhumbuza	lākhumbuza	alikhumbuzanga	elingakhumbuzanga	lingakhumbuzanga
Class 6	ākhumbuza	ākhumbuza	ākhumbuza	awakhumbuzanga	angakhumbuzanga	engakhumbuzanga
Class 7	sākhumbuza	esākhumbuza	sākhumbuza	asikhumbuzanga	esingakhumbuzanga	singakhumbuzanga
Class 8	zākhumbuza	ezākhumbuza	zākhumbuza	azikhumbuzanga	ezingakhumbuzanga	zingakhumbuzanga
Class 9	yākhumbuza	eyākhumbuza	yākhumbuza	ayikhumbuzanga	engakhumbuzanga	ingakhumbuzanga
Class 10	zākhumbuza	ezākhumbuza	zākhumbuza	azikhumbuzanga	ezingakhumbuzanga	zingakhumbuzanga
Class 11	lwākhumbuza	olwākhumbuza	lwākhumbuza	alukhumbuzanga	olungakhumbuzanga	lungakhumbuzanga
Class 14	bākhumbuza	obākhumbuza	bākhumbuza	abukhumbuzanga	obungakhumbuzanga	bungakhumbuzanga
Class 15	kwākhumbuza	okwākhumbuza	kwākhumbuza	akukhumbuzanga	okungakhumbuzanga	kungakhumbuzanga
Class 17	kwākhumbuza	okwākhumbuza	kwākhumbuza	akukhumbuzanga	okungakhumbuzanga	kungakhumbuzanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingakhumbuza	—	ngingakhumbuza	ngingekhumbuze	—	ngingekhumbuze
2nd singular	ungakhumbuza	—	ungakhumbuza	ungekhumbuze	—	ungekhumbuze
1st plural	singakhumbuza	—	singakhumbuza	singekhumbuze	—	singekhumbuze
2nd plural	ningakhumbuza	—	ningakhumbuza	ningekhumbuze	—	ningekhumbuze
Class 1	angakhumbuza	—	engakhumbuza	angekhumbuze	—	engekhumbuze
Class 2	bangakhumbuza	—	bengakhumbuza	bangekhumbuze	—	bengekhumbuze
Class 3	ungakhumbuza	—	ungakhumbuza	ungekhumbuze	—	ungekhumbuze
Class 4	ingakhumbuza	—	ingakhumbuza	ingekhumbuze	—	ingekhumbuze
Class 5	lingakhumbuza	—	lingakhumbuza	lingekhumbuze	—	lingekhumbuze
Class 6	angakhumbuza	—	engakhumbuza	angekhumbuze	—	engekhumbuze
Class 7	singakhumbuza	—	singakhumbuza	singekhumbuze	—	singekhumbuze
Class 8	zingakhumbuza	—	zingakhumbuza	zingekhumbuze	—	zingekhumbuze
Class 9	ingakhumbuza	—	ingakhumbuza	ingekhumbuze	—	ingekhumbuze
Class 10	zingakhumbuza	—	zingakhumbuza	zingekhumbuze	—	zingekhumbuze
Class 11	lungakhumbuza	—	lungakhumbuza	lungekhumbuze	—	lungekhumbuze
Class 14	bungakhumbuza	—	bungakhumbuza	bungekhumbuze	—	bungekhumbuze
Class 15	kungakhumbuza	—	kungakhumbuza	kungekhumbuze	—	kungekhumbuze
Class 17	kungakhumbuza	—	kungakhumbuza	kungekhumbuze	—	kungekhumbuze
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokhumbuza	engizokhumbuza	ngizokhumbuza	angizukhumbuza	engingezukhumbuza	ngingezukhumbuza
2nd singular	uzokhumbuza	ozokhumbuza	uzokhumbuza	awuzukhumbuza	ongezukhumbuza	ungezukhumbuza
1st plural	sizokhumbuza	esizokhumbuza	sizokhumbuza	asizukhumbuza	esingezukhumbuza	singezukhumbuza
2nd plural	nizokhumbuza	enizokhumbuza	nizokhumbuza	anizukhumbuza	eningezukhumbuza	ningezukhumbuza
Class 1	uzokhumbuza	ozokhumbuza	ezokhumbuza	akazukhumbuza	ongezukhumbuza	engezukhumbuza
Class 2	bazokhumbuza	abazokhumbuza	bezokhumbuza	abazukhumbuza	abangezukhumbuza	bengezukhumbuza
Class 3	uzokhumbuza	ozokhumbuza	uzokhumbuza	awuzukhumbuza	ongezukhumbuza	ungezukhumbuza
Class 4	izokhumbuza	ezokhumbuza	izokhumbuza	ayizukhumbuza	engezukhumbuza	ingezukhumbuza
Class 5	lizokhumbuza	elizokhumbuza	lizokhumbuza	alizukhumbuza	elingezukhumbuza	lingezukhumbuza
Class 6	azokhumbuza	azokhumbuza	ezokhumbuza	awazukhumbuza	angezukhumbuza	engezukhumbuza
Class 7	sizokhumbuza	esizokhumbuza	sizokhumbuza	asizukhumbuza	esingezukhumbuza	singezukhumbuza
Class 8	zizokhumbuza	ezizokhumbuza	zizokhumbuza	azizukhumbuza	ezingezukhumbuza	zingezukhumbuza
Class 9	izokhumbuza	ezokhumbuza	izokhumbuza	ayizukhumbuza	engezukhumbuza	ingezukhumbuza
Class 10	zizokhumbuza	ezizokhumbuza	zizokhumbuza	azizukhumbuza	ezingezukhumbuza	zingezukhumbuza
Class 11	luzokhumbuza	oluzokhumbuza	luzokhumbuza	aluzukhumbuza	olungezukhumbuza	lungezukhumbuza
Class 14	buzokhumbuza	obuzokhumbuza	buzokhumbuza	abuzukhumbuza	obungezukhumbuza	bungezukhumbuza
Class 15	kuzokhumbuza	okuzokhumbuza	kuzokhumbuza	akuzukhumbuza	okungezukhumbuza	kungezukhumbuza
Class 17	kuzokhumbuza	okuzokhumbuza	kuzokhumbuza	akuzukhumbuza	okungezukhumbuza	kungezukhumbuza
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokhumbuza	engiyokhumbuza	ngiyokhumbuza	angiyukhumbuza	engingeyukhumbuza	ngingeyukhumbuza
2nd singular	uyokhumbuza	oyokhumbuza	uyokhumbuza	awuyukhumbuza	ongeyukhumbuza	ungeyukhumbuza
1st plural	siyokhumbuza	esiyokhumbuza	siyokhumbuza	asiyukhumbuza	esingeyukhumbuza	singeyukhumbuza
2nd plural	niyokhumbuza	eniyokhumbuza	niyokhumbuza	aniyukhumbuza	eningeyukhumbuza	ningeyukhumbuza
Class 1	uyokhumbuza	oyokhumbuza	eyokhumbuza	akayukhumbuza	ongeyukhumbuza	engeyukhumbuza
Class 2	bayokhumbuza	abayokhumbuza	beyokhumbuza	abayukhumbuza	abangeyukhumbuza	bengeyukhumbuza
Class 3	uyokhumbuza	oyokhumbuza	uyokhumbuza	awuyukhumbuza	ongeyukhumbuza	ungeyukhumbuza
Class 4	iyokhumbuza	eyokhumbuza	iyokhumbuza	ayiyukhumbuza	engeyukhumbuza	ingeyukhumbuza
Class 5	liyokhumbuza	eliyokhumbuza	liyokhumbuza	aliyukhumbuza	elingeyukhumbuza	lingeyukhumbuza
Class 6	ayokhumbuza	ayokhumbuza	eyokhumbuza	awayukhumbuza	angeyukhumbuza	engeyukhumbuza
Class 7	siyokhumbuza	esiyokhumbuza	siyokhumbuza	asiyukhumbuza	esingeyukhumbuza	singeyukhumbuza
Class 8	ziyokhumbuza	eziyokhumbuza	ziyokhumbuza	aziyukhumbuza	ezingeyukhumbuza	zingeyukhumbuza
Class 9	iyokhumbuza	eyokhumbuza	iyokhumbuza	ayiyukhumbuza	engeyukhumbuza	ingeyukhumbuza
Class 10	ziyokhumbuza	eziyokhumbuza	ziyokhumbuza	aziyukhumbuza	ezingeyukhumbuza	zingeyukhumbuza
Class 11	luyokhumbuza	oluyokhumbuza	luyokhumbuza	aluyukhumbuza	olungeyukhumbuza	lungeyukhumbuza
Class 14	buyokhumbuza	obuyokhumbuza	buyokhumbuza	abuyukhumbuza	obungeyukhumbuza	bungeyukhumbuza
Class 15	kuyokhumbuza	okuyokhumbuza	kuyokhumbuza	akuyukhumbuza	okungeyukhumbuza	kungeyukhumbuza
Class 17	kuyokhumbuza	okuyokhumbuza	kuyokhumbuza	akuyukhumbuza	okungeyukhumbuza	kungeyukhumbuza
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngikhumbuze	ngingakhumbuzi
2nd singular	ukhumbuze	ungakhumbuzi
1st plural	sikhumbuze	singakhumbuzi
2nd plural	nikhumbuze	ningakhumbuzi
Class 1	akhumbuze	angakhumbuzi
Class 2	bakhumbuze	bangakhumbuzi
Class 3	ukhumbuze	ungakhumbuzi
Class 4	ikhumbuze	ingakhumbuzi
Class 5	likhumbuze	lingakhumbuzi
Class 6	akhumbuze	angakhumbuzi
Class 7	sikhumbuze	singakhumbuzi
Class 8	zikhumbuze	zingakhumbuzi
Class 9	ikhumbuze	ingakhumbuzi
Class 10	zikhumbuze	zingakhumbuzi
Class 11	lukhumbuze	lungakhumbuzi
Class 14	bukhumbuze	bungakhumbuzi
Class 15	kukhumbuze	kungakhumbuzi
Class 17	kukhumbuze	kungakhumbuzi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngakhumbuza	ngangakhumbuza, angakhumbuza, angangakhumbuza
2nd singular	wakhumbuza	wangakhumbuza, awakhumbuza, awangakhumbuza
1st plural	sakhumbuza	sangakhumbuza, asakhumbuza, asangakhumbuza
2nd plural	nakhumbuza	nangakhumbuza, anakhumbuza, anangakhumbuza
Class 1	wakhumbuza	wangakhumbuza, akakhumbuza, akangakhumbuza
Class 2	bakhumbuza	bangakhumbuza, abakhumbuza, abangakhumbuza
Class 3	wakhumbuza	wangakhumbuza, awakhumbuza, awangakhumbuza
Class 4	yakhumbuza	yangakhumbuza, ayakhumbuza, ayangakhumbuza
Class 5	lakhumbuza	langakhumbuza, alakhumbuza, alangakhumbuza
Class 6	akhumbuza	angakhumbuza, awakhumbuza, awangakhumbuza
Class 7	sakhumbuza	sangakhumbuza, asakhumbuza, asangakhumbuza
Class 8	zakhumbuza	zangakhumbuza, azakhumbuza, azangakhumbuza
Class 9	yakhumbuza	yangakhumbuza, ayakhumbuza, ayangakhumbuza
Class 10	zakhumbuza	zangakhumbuza, azakhumbuza, azangakhumbuza
Class 11	lwakhumbuza	lwangakhumbuza, alwakhumbuza, alwangakhumbuza
Class 14	bakhumbuza	bangakhumbuza, abakhumbuza, abangakhumbuza
Class 15	kwakhumbuza	kwangakhumbuza, akwakhumbuza, akwangakhumbuza
Class 17	kwakhumbuza	kwangakhumbuza, akwakhumbuza, akwangakhumbuza

Derived terms

• isikhumbuzo

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khumbuza”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khumbuza (3.2.9)”