sꜣj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsiːʀit/ → /ˈsiːʀiʔ/ → /ˈsiːʔa/ → /ˈsiːʔə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsiːʀit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsiːʀiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsiːʔa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsiːʔə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɑi/
  • Conventional anglicization: sai

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) sated

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜣj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: sꜣ, geminated stem: sꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sꜣt, sꜣj	sꜣw, sꜣ	sꜣt, sꜣwt, sꜣyt	sꜣ	sꜣ, sꜣy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sꜣ8, sꜣꜣ8	ḥr sꜣt, ḥr sꜣj	m sꜣt, m sꜣj	r sꜣt, r sꜣj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	sꜣ.n	consecutive	sꜣ.jn
terminative	sꜣt, sꜣyt
perfective3	sꜣ	obligative1	sꜣ.ḫr
imperfective	sꜣ, sꜣy
prospective3	sꜣw, sꜣ, sꜣy	potentialis1	sꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive	sꜣ, sꜣy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	sꜣ.n	—	—
perfective	sꜣw1, sꜣy, sꜣ	sꜣ	sꜣy, sꜣ
imperfective	sꜣꜣ, sꜣꜣy, sꜣꜣw5	sꜣꜣ, sꜣꜣj6, sꜣꜣy6	sꜣꜣ, sꜣꜣw5
prospective	sꜣw1, sꜣy, sꜣ, sꜣtj7	sꜣwtj1 4, sꜣtj4, sꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

In Old Egyptian this verb was non-geminating:

Conjugation of sꜣj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: sꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sꜣt, sꜣj	sꜣw, sꜣ	sꜣt, sꜣwt, sꜣyt	sꜣ	sꜣ, sꜣy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sꜣ8	ḥr sꜣt, ḥr sꜣj	m sꜣt, m sꜣj	r sꜣt, r sꜣj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	sꜣ.n	consecutive	sꜣ.jn
terminative	sꜣt, sꜣyt
perfective3	sꜣ	obligative1	sꜣ.ḫr
imperfective	sꜣ, sꜣy
prospective3	sꜣw, sꜣ, sꜣy	potentialis1	sꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive	sꜣ, sꜣy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	sꜣ.n	—	—
perfective	sꜣw1, sꜣy, sꜣ	sꜣ	sꜣy, sꜣ
imperfective	sꜣ, sꜣy, sꜣw5	sꜣ, sꜣj6, sꜣy6	sꜣ, sꜣw5
prospective	sꜣw1, sꜣy, sꜣ, sꜣtj7	sꜣwtj1 4, sꜣtj4, sꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Derived terms

• ssꜣj

Descendants

• Demotic: sy
  • Coptic: ⲥⲓ (si)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 254.
• Allen, James Peter (1984) The Inflection of the Verb in the Pyramid Texts, Malibu, California: Undena Publications, →ISBN, § 738, page 573