sꜥnj

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ꜥnj (“to be beautiful”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛɑːni/
  • Conventional anglicization: seani

Verb

 caus. 3ae inf. or caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to beautify

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜥnj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sꜥn, geminated stem: sꜥnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sꜥnt, sꜥnj	sꜥnw, sꜥn	sꜥnt, sꜥnwt, sꜥnyt	sꜥn	sꜥn, sꜥny

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sꜥn	ḥr sꜥnt, ḥr sꜥnj	m sꜥnt, m sꜥnj	r sꜥnt, r sꜥnj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sꜥn.n	sꜥnw, sꜥn, sꜥny	consecutive	sꜥn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sꜥnt
perfective3	sꜥn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sꜥn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sꜥn, sꜥny	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sꜥnw, sꜥn, sꜥny	sꜥnw, sꜥn, sꜥny	potentialis1	sꜥn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sꜥn, sꜥny	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sꜥn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sꜥnw1, sꜥny, sꜥn	active + .tj1, .tw2	sꜥn	sꜥny, sꜥn
imperfective	sꜥnn, sꜥnny, sꜥnnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sꜥnn, sꜥnnj6, sꜥnny6	sꜥnn, sꜥnnw5
prospective	sꜥnw1, sꜥny, sꜥn, sꜥntj7	—	sꜥnwtj1 4, sꜥntj4, sꜥnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Allen instead considers this a causative biliteral:

Conjugation of sꜥn (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sꜥn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sꜥnt, sꜥn	sꜥnw, sꜥn	sꜥnt	sꜥn	sꜥn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sꜥn	ḥr sꜥn	m sꜥn	r sꜥn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sꜥn.n	sꜥnw, sꜥn	consecutive	sꜥn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sꜥnt
perfective3	sꜥn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sꜥn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sꜥn	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sꜥnw, sꜥn, sꜥny	sꜥnw, sꜥn, sꜥny	potentialis1	sꜥn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sꜥn	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sꜥn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sꜥn	active + .tj1, .tw2	sꜥn	sꜥn, sꜥnw5, sꜥny5
imperfective	sꜥn, sꜥny, sꜥnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sꜥn, sꜥnj6, sꜥny6	sꜥn, sꜥnw5
prospective	sꜥn, sꜥntj7	—	sꜥnwtj1 4, sꜥntj4, sꜥnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 357.