ἐρωτάω
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Related to ἐρεείνω (ereeínō, “to ask”), ἔρομαι (éromai, “to ask”) (which it replaced in Attic), ἐρευνάω (ereunáō, “to search, inquire”), of uncertain origin.[1] The hypothetical reconstructed root, Proto-Indo-European *h₁rew- (“to search, inquire”), appears to be related to Icelandic raun (“trial, test”)[2] and Old Armenian որոնեմ (oronem, “to seek, search for”) (though there exist phonetic issues with the Armenian).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.rɔː.tá.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /e.roˈta.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /e.roˈta.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /e.roˈta.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /e.roˈta.o/
Verb
[edit]ἐρωτᾰ́ω • (erōtáō)
- to ask
- to ask about a thing
- (followed by a relative word)
- to question
- (in dialectic argument) to elicit conclusions from the opponent by means of questioning
- (Koine) to beg, entreat, solicit
Usage notes
[edit]In the dialogues of Plato, ἠρόμην (ērómēn) typically supplies the aorist tense-forms for ἐρωτάω.[3]
Inflection
[edit] Present: ἐρωτᾰ́ω, ἐρωτᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἠρώτᾰον | ἠρώτᾰες | ἠρώτᾰε(ν) | ἠρωτᾰ́ετον | ἠρωτᾰέτην | ἠρωτᾰ́ομεν | ἠρωτᾰ́ετε | ἠρώτᾰον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠρωτᾰόμην | ἠρωτᾰ́ου | ἠρωτᾰ́ετο | ἠρωτᾰ́εσθον | ἠρωτᾰέσθην | ἠρωτᾰόμεθᾰ | ἠρωτᾰ́εσθε | ἠρωτᾰ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἠρώτων | ἠρώτᾱς | ἠρώτᾱ | ἠρωτᾶτον | ἠρωτᾱ́την | ἠρωτῶμεν | ἠρωτᾶτε | ἠρώτων | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠρωτώμην | ἠρωτῶ | ἠρωτᾶτο | ἠρωτᾶσθον | ἠρωτᾱ́σθην | ἠρωτώμεθᾰ | ἠρωτᾶσθε | ἠρωτῶντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: ἐρωτήσω, ἐρωτήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐρωτήσω | ἐρωτήσεις | ἐρωτήσει | ἐρωτήσετον | ἐρωτήσετον | ἐρωτήσομεν | ἐρωτήσετε | ἐρωτήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ἐρωτήσοιμῐ | ἐρωτήσοις | ἐρωτήσοι | ἐρωτήσοιτον | ἐρωτησοίτην | ἐρωτήσοιμεν | ἐρωτήσοιτε | ἐρωτήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ἐρωτήσομαι | ἐρωτήσῃ, ἐρωτήσει |
ἐρωτήσεται | ἐρωτήσεσθον | ἐρωτήσεσθον | ἐρωτησόμεθᾰ | ἐρωτήσεσθε | ἐρωτήσονται | ||||
optative | ἐρωτησοίμην | ἐρωτήσοιο | ἐρωτήσοιτο | ἐρωτήσοισθον | ἐρωτησοίσθην | ἐρωτησοίμεθᾰ | ἐρωτήσοισθε | ἐρωτήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐρωτήσειν | ἐρωτήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρωτήσων | ἐρωτησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἐρωτήσουσᾰ | ἐρωτησομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἐρωτῆσον | ἐρωτησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἠρωτήκειν, ἠρωτήκη |
ἠρωτήκεις, ἠρωτήκης |
ἠρωτήκει(ν) | ἠρωτήκετον | ἠρωτηκέτην | ἠρωτήκεμεν | ἠρωτήκετε | ἠρωτήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠρωτήμην | ἠρώτησο | ἠρώτητο | ἠρώτησθον | ἠρωτήσθην | ἠρωτήμεθᾰ | ἠρώτησθε | ἠρώτηντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
- The future and aorist forms of ἔρομαι (éromai) often supply those tenses of this verb.
Derived terms
[edit]- ἐρώτημα (erṓtēma, “question”)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐρωτάω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐρευνάω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 455-6
- ^ pp. 44-47, section 16.2. Albert Rijksbaron. The Syntax and Semantics of the Verb in Classical Greek. University of Chicago Press, 2006.
Further reading
[edit]- “ἐρωτάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐρωτάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐρωτάω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐρωτάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- G2065 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- ἐρωτάω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften