ἵππος

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See also: ίππος

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From Proto-Hellenic *íkkʷos (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀦 (i-qo)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos, from *h₁oh₁ḱu- (swift). Unexplained is ι for ε, the word initial heavy breathing (h) and the double π (hίππος instead of expected **έπος), possibly borrowed from another Indo-European language where such a sound change is regular. Cognates include Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Latin equus, Lithuanian ašva, Gaulish epos, Old Armenian էշ (ēš, donkey), Old English eoh, and Old Irish ech.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ῐ̔́ππος (hípposm or f (genitive ῐ̔́ππου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)

  1. a horse, (feminine) a mare
    • New Testament, Revelation 6:8:
      καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος χλωρός, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ ὄνομα αὐτῷ [ὁ] Θάνατος, καὶ ὁ ἅδης ἠκολούθει μετ' αὐτοῦ
      kaì eîdon, kaì idoù híppos khlōrós, kaì ho kathḗmenos epánō autoû ónoma autôi [ho] Thánatos, kaì ho hádēs ēkoloúthei met' autoû
      And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. (KJV)
  2. (feminine) cavalry, horsemen

Usage notes

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  • When used as a collective noun ("horse, cavalry"), this word is always feminine singular, even with numerals.
    460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.41:
    μετὰ δὲ ἵππος ἄλλη χιλίη ἐκ Περσέων ἀπολελεγμένη
    metà dè híppos állē khilíē ek Perséōn apolelegménē
    and after them came another thousand horsemen chosen out from the Persians

Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Greek: ίππος (íppos)
  • English: hippo-
  • French: hippo-
  • Italian: ippo-
  • Portuguese: hipo-

Further reading

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