χαμαί
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a case form of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) (whence also χθών (khthṓn, “earth”)), traditionally taken as a dative.[1] Ringe[2] identifies this as a fossilized allative/directive (Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂) suffixed with the "hic-et-nunc particle" -i (Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i) (also optionally attached to the locative of any noun); if so, then cognate with Old Hittite 𒁖𒈾𒀀 (taknā), which lacks the particle. Ringe adduces this correspondence as evidence for reconstructing the allative for Proto-Indo-European. Compare other cognate forms with the same semantics: Sanskrit क्ष्मया (kṣmayā́), Sanskrit ज्मया (jmayā́) (instrumental), Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā́) (also instrumental), and Sanskrit क्षामि (kṣā́mi), Latin humī (locative). Also compare πάλαι (pálai) and παραί (paraí).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰa.mǎi̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kʰaˈmɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /xaˈmɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /xaˈme/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /xaˈme/
Adverb
[edit]χᾰμαί • (khamaí)
Derived terms
[edit]- χᾰμαιάκτη (khamaiáktē)
- χᾰμαιβάλανος (khamaibálanos)
- χᾰμαίβατος (khamaíbatos)
- χᾰμαίγειρον (khamaígeiron)
- χᾰμαιγηνής (khamaigēnḗs)
- χᾰμαιδάφνη (khamaidáphnē)
- χᾰμαιδιδάσκαλος (khamaididáskalos)
- χᾰμαιδικαστής (khamaidikastḗs)
- χᾰμαίδρυς (khamaídrus)
- χᾰμαιεύρετος (khamaieúretos)
- χᾰμαίζηλος (khamaízēlos)
- χᾰμαιζυμήτης (khamaizumḗtēs)
- χᾰμαῖθεν (khamaîthen)
- χᾰμαίκαυλος (khamaíkaulos)
- χᾰμαικέρασος (khamaikérasos)
- χᾰμαίκισσος (khamaíkissos)
- χᾰμαικλινής (khamaiklinḗs)
- χᾰμαικοιτέω (khamaikoitéō)
- χᾰμαικυπάρισσος (khamaikupárissos)
- χᾰμαίλεος (khamaíleos)
- χᾰμαιλεύκη (khamaileúkē)
- χᾰμαιλεχής (khamailekhḗs)
- χᾰμαιλέων (khamailéōn)
- χᾰμαιλίβανος (khamailíbanos)
- χᾰμαίλυκος (khamaílukos)
- χᾰμαίμηλον (khamaímēlon)
- χᾰμαιμυρσίνη (khamaimursínē)
- χᾰμαιμύρτη (khamaimúrtē)
- χᾰμαιπετέω (khamaipetéō)
- χᾰμαιπεύκη (khamaipeúkē)
- χᾰμαίπιτυς (khamaípitus)
- χᾰμαιπλάτανος (khamaiplátanos)
- χᾰμαίπους (khamaípous)
- χᾰμαιράφανος (khamairáphanos)
- χᾰμαιρεπής (khamairepḗs)
- χᾰμαίρυτον (khamaíruton)
- χᾰμαίρωψ (khamaírōps)
- χᾰμαίστρωτος (khamaístrōtos)
- χᾰμαισύκη (khamaisúkē)
- χᾰμαισχιδής (khamaiskhidḗs)
- χᾰμαιτυπέω (khamaitupéō)
- χᾰμαριφής (khamariphḗs)
- χᾰμελαία (khamelaía)
- χᾰμερπής (khamerpḗs)
- χᾰμεύνη (khameúnē)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χαμαί”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1612-3
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “χαμαί”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χαμαί”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χαμαί”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χαμαί in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- χαμαί in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “χαμαί”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5476 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- ground idem, page 375.