کشتن

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See also: گشتن and كسبن

Persian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/⁠kuštan⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *kawš- (to fight, kill), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kawš-, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (to hit, strike) with s-extension.

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? kuštan
Dari reading? kuštan
Iranian reading? koštan
Tajik reading? kuštan

Verb[edit]

Dari کشتن
Iranian Persian
Tajik куштан

کُشتَن (koštan) (present stem کُش (koš))

  1. to kill, to murder
    • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 3180:
      کو غلام ما مگر سرگشته شد / یا بدو گرگی رسید و کشته شد
      kū ğulâm-i mâ magar sargašta šud / yâ bad-ō gurg-ē rasīd u kušta šud
      Where is my slave? Perchance he has lost his way, or a wolf has overtaken him and he has been killed.
    • c. 1650, Muḥammad Ṭāhir Ğanī Kašmīrī, translated by Mufti Mudasir Farooqi & Nusrat Bazaz, in The Captured Gazelle: The Poems of Ghani Kashmiri (Penguin Classics, 2013), دیوان [Divān]:
      عاشقان را جنبش مژگان چشم یار کشت.
      'âšeqân râ jonbeš-e možgân-e čašm-e yâr košt.
      The beloved’s fluttering eyelashes have slain many a lover.
  2. to put out
  3. to switch off
  4. (of emotions) to suppress
Conjugation[edit]

References[edit]

  • Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 215
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251-2

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Iranian *karH- (to spread out, sow, make furrows), from a conflation of two roots:

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? kištan
Dari reading? kištan
Iranian reading? keštan
Tajik reading? kištan

Verb[edit]

Dari کشتن
Iranian Persian
Tajik киштан

کِشتَن (keštan) (present stem کار (kâr))

  1. to sow
  2. to plant
  3. to cultivate
Conjugation[edit]

References[edit]

  • Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 260
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 239-41