वणिज्
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See also: वाणिज
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ৱণিজ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬡᬶᬚ᭄ (Balinese script)
- বণিজ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰜𑰰𑰕𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀡𑀺𑀚𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ဝဏိဇ် (Burmese script)
- વણિજ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਵਣਿਜ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑌣𑌿𑌜𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦟꦶꦗ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂝𑂱𑂔𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ವಣಿಜ್ (Kannada script)
- វណិជ៑ (Khmer script)
- ວຓິຊ຺ (Lao script)
- വണിജ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠠᢏᡳᡯ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘜𑘱𑘕𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠠᢏᠢᠽ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑦼𑧒𑦵𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐞𑐶𑐖𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଵଣିଜ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢠꢶꢙ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆟𑆴𑆘𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖜𑖰𑖕𑖿 (Siddham script)
- වණිජ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩪𑩑𑩣 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚘𑚮𑚑𑚶 (Takri script)
- வணிஜ் (Tamil script)
- వణిజ్ (Telugu script)
- วณิชฺ (Thai script)
- ཝ་ཎི་ཛ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒝𑒱𑒖𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨘𑨁𑨥𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wen(h₁)-h₂ǵ-, composed of *wenh₁- (“to win”) + *h₂eǵ- (“to drive, lead”).[1][2] Compare वनोति (vanóti), particularly in the meaning “to acquire”, and अजति (ájati, “to drive”), respectively.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]वणिज् • (vaṇíj) stem, m
- merchant, trader, businessman
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.112.11:
- याभिः॑ सुदानू औशि॒जाय॑ व॒णिजे॑ दी॒र्घश्र॑वसे॒ मधु॒ कोशो॒ अक्ष॑रत् ।
क॒क्षीव॑न्तं स्तो॒तारं॒ याभि॒राव॑तं॒ ताभि॑रू॒ षु ऊ॒तिभि॑रश्वि॒ना ग॑तम् ॥- yā́bhiḥ sudānū auśijā́ya vaṇíje dīrgháśravase mádhu kóśo ákṣarat.
kakṣī́vantaṃ stotā́raṃ yā́bhirā́vataṃ tā́bhirū ṣú ūtíbhiraśvinā́ gatam. - With those aids by which, beauteous donors, the cloud was made to shed its sweet water, for Dīrgháśravas, for the merchant Aukṣija, and by which you protected the devout Kakṣīvat; with them, Aśvins, come willingly hither.
- yā́bhiḥ sudānū auśijā́ya vaṇíje dīrgháśravase mádhu kóśo ákṣarat.
- याभिः॑ सुदानू औशि॒जाय॑ व॒णिजे॑ दी॒र्घश्र॑वसे॒ मधु॒ कोशो॒ अक्ष॑रत् ।
- (astrology, astronomy) the zodiacal sign Libra
- 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā
- trade, traffic, commerce, merchanthood
- c. 300 BCE, Gautama Dharmasūtra 2.1.49.1:
- वैश्यस्याधिकं कृषिवणिक्पाशुपाल्यकुसीदम् ॥
- vaiśyasyādhikaṃ kṛṣivaṇikpāśupālyakusīdam.
- Farming, commerce, herdsmanship and usury is more for a Vaiśya.
- वैश्यस्याधिकं कृषिवणिक्पाशुपाल्यकुसीदम् ॥
- )
Declension
[edit]Masculine root-stem declension of वणिज् (vaṇíj) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | वणिक् vaṇík |
वणिजौ / वणिजा¹ vaṇíjau / vaṇíjā¹ |
वणिजः vaṇíjaḥ |
Vocative | वणिक् váṇik |
वणिजौ / वणिजा¹ váṇijau / váṇijā¹ |
वणिजः váṇijaḥ |
Accusative | वणिजम् vaṇíjam |
वणिजौ / वणिजा¹ vaṇíjau / vaṇíjā¹ |
वणिजः vaṇíjaḥ |
Instrumental | वणिजा vaṇíjā |
वणिग्भ्याम् vaṇígbhyām |
वणिग्भिः vaṇígbhiḥ |
Dative | वणिजे vaṇíje |
वणिग्भ्याम् vaṇígbhyām |
वणिग्भ्यः vaṇígbhyaḥ |
Ablative | वणिजः vaṇíjaḥ |
वणिग्भ्याम् vaṇígbhyām |
वणिग्भ्यः vaṇígbhyaḥ |
Genitive | वणिजः vaṇíjaḥ |
वणिजोः vaṇíjoḥ |
वणिजाम् vaṇíjām |
Locative | वणिजि vaṇíji |
वणिजोः vaṇíjoḥ |
वणिक्षु vaṇíkṣu |
Notes |
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Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡𑀺 (vaṇi)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “वणिज्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0915.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vaṇíj”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 655
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “वणिज्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1383
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₂eĝ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 267, 270
- ^ “banyan”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- sa:Astrology
- sa:Constellations in the zodiac
- Sanskrit root-stem nouns
- sa:Business
- sa:Occupations