근무하다

Korean

Etymology

근무(勤務) (geunmu) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈkɯ(ː)nmuɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [근(ː)무하다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	geunmuhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	geunmuhada
McCune–Reischauer?	kŭnmuhada
Yale Romanization?	kūnmuhata

Verb

근무하다 • (geunmuhada) (infinitive 근무해 or 근무하여, sequential 근무하니)

1. (intransitive) to work (as a career for a person)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 근무하다 (geunmuhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	근무한다 geunmuhanda	근무해 geunmuhae	근무해요 geunmuhaeyo	근무합니다 geunmuhamnida
	Past	근무했다 geunmuhaetda	근무했어 geunmuhaesseo	근무했어요 geunmuhaesseoyo	근무했습니다 geunmuhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	근무하느냐 geunmuhaneunya	근무해 geunmuhae	근무해요 geunmuhaeyo	근무합니까 geunmuhamnikka
	Past	근무했느냐 geunmuhaenneunya	근무했어 geunmuhaesseo	근무했어요 geunmuhaesseoyo	근무했습니까 geunmuhaetseumnikka
Hortative		근무하자 geunmuhaja	근무해 geunmuhae	근무해요 geunmuhaeyo	근무하십시다 geunmuhasipsida
Imperative		근무해라, 근무하여라 geunmuhaera, geunmuhayeora	근무해 geunmuhae	근무해요 geunmuhaeyo	근무합시오 geunmuhapsio
Assertive		근무하겠다 geunmuhagetda	근무하겠어 geunmuhagesseo	근무하겠어요 geunmuhagesseoyo	근무하겠습니다 geunmuhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		근무해 geunmuhae	근무해서, 근무하여서 geunmuhaeseo, geunmuhayeoseo	근무하니 geunmuhani	근무하니까 geunmuhanikka
Contrast		근무하지만 geunmuhajiman	근무하는데 geunmuhaneunde	근무하더니 geunmuhadeoni
Conjunction		근무하고 geunmuhago
Condition		근무하면 geunmuhamyeon	근무해야, 근무하여야 geunmuhaeya, geunmuhayeoya
Motive		근무하려고 geunmuharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		근무함 geunmuham	근무하기 geunmuhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		근무했음, 근무하였음 geunmuhaesseum, geunmuhayeosseum	근무했기, 근무하였기 geunmuhaetgi, geunmuhayeotgi
Determiners	Past	근무한 geunmuhan
	Present	근무하는 geunmuhaneun
	Future	근무할 geunmuhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	근무하신다 geunmuhasinda	근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo	근무하세요, 근무하셔요 geunmuhaseyo, geunmuhasyeoyo	근무하십니다 geunmuhasimnida
	Past	근무하셨다 geunmuhasyeotda	근무하셨어 geunmuhasyeosseo	근무하셨어요 geunmuhasyeosseoyo	근무하셨습니다 geunmuhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	근무하시느냐 geunmuhasineunya	근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo	근무하세요, 근무하셔요 geunmuhaseyo, geunmuhasyeoyo	근무하십니까 geunmuhasimnikka
	Past	근무하셨느냐 geunmuhasyeonneunya	근무하셨어 geunmuhasyeosseo	근무하셨어요 geunmuhasyeosseoyo	근무하셨습니까 geunmuhasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		근무하시라 geunmuhasira	근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo	근무하세요 geunmuhaseyo	근무하십시오 geunmuhasipsio
Assertive		근무하시겠다 geunmuhasigetda	근무하시겠어 geunmuhasigesseo	근무하시겠어요 geunmuhasigesseoyo	근무하시겠습니다 geunmuhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo	근무하셔서 geunmuhasyeoseo	근무하시니 geunmuhasini	근무하시니까 geunmuhasinikka
Contrast		근무하시지만 geunmuhasijiman	근무하시는데 geunmuhasineunde	근무하시더니 geunmuhasideoni
Conjunction		근무하시고 geunmuhasigo
Condition		근무하시면 geunmuhasimyeon	근무하셔야 geunmuhasyeoya
Motive		근무하시려고 geunmuhasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		근무하심 geunmuhasim	근무하시기 geunmuhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		근무하셨음 geunmuhasyeosseum	근무하셨기 geunmuhasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	근무하신 geunmuhasin
	Present	근무하시는 geunmuhasineun
	Future	근무하실 geunmuhasil