σφυρίζω
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Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- σφυράω (sfyráo)
Etymology
[edit]From Byzantine Greek σφυρίζω (sphurízō) from the Ancient Greek σῡρίζω (sūrízō, “play the syrinx; make a whistling sound”). The development of the [f],[1] possibly under the influence of the Hellenistic σφῠρίον (sphuríon, “mallet”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]σφυρίζω • (sfyrízo) (past σφύριξα, passive σφυρίζομαι)
Conjugation
[edit]σφυρίζω σφυρίζομαι
| Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
| 1 sg | σφυρίζω (σφυράω →) | σφυρίξω | σφυρίζομαι | σφυριχτώ3 |
| 2 sg | σφυρίζεις | σφυρίξεις | σφυρίζεσαι | σφυριχτείς |
| 3 sg | σφυρίζει | σφυρίξει | σφυρίζεται | σφυριχτεί |
| 1 pl | σφυρίζουμε, [‑ομε] | σφυρίξουμε, [‑ομε] | σφυριζόμαστε | σφυριχτούμε |
| 2 pl | σφυρίζετε | σφυρίξετε | σφυρίζεστε, σφυριζόσαστε | σφυριχτείτε |
| 3 pl | σφυρίζουν(ε) | σφυρίξουν(ε) | σφυρίζονται | σφυριχτούν(ε) |
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
| 1 sg | σφύριζα | σφύριξα | σφυριζόμουν(α) | σφυρίχτηκα3 |
| 2 sg | σφύριζες | σφύριξες | σφυριζόσουν(α) | σφυρίχτηκες |
| 3 sg | σφύριζε | σφύριξε | σφυριζόταν(ε) | σφυρίχτηκε |
| 1 pl | σφυρίζαμε | σφυρίξαμε | σφυριζόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | σφυριχτήκαμε |
| 2 pl | σφυρίζατε | σφυρίξατε | σφυριζόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | σφυριχτήκατε |
| 3 pl | σφύριζαν, σφυρίζαν(ε) | σφύριξαν, σφυρίξαν(ε) | σφυρίζονταν, (σφυριζόντουσαν) | σφυρίχτηκαν, σφυριχτήκαν(ε) |
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
| 1 sg | θα σφυρίζω ➤ | θα σφυρίξω ➤ | θα σφυρίζομαι ➤ | θα σφυριχτώ ➤ |
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα σφυρίζεις, … | θα σφυρίξεις, … | θα σφυρίζεσαι, … | θα σφυριχτείς, … |
| Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … σφυρίξει | έχω, έχεις, … σφυριχτεί είμαι, είσαι, … σφυριγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … σφυρίξει | είχα, είχες, … σφυριχτεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … σφυριγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … σφυρίξει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … σφυριχτεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … σφυριγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| 2 sg | σφύριζε | σφύριξε, σφύριχ' 1 | — | σφυρίξου |
| 2 pl | σφυρίζετε | σφυρίξτε, σφυρίχτε2 | σφυρίζεστε | σφυριχτείτε |
| Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
| Present participle➤ | σφυρίζοντας ➤ | — | ||
| Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας σφυρίξει ➤ | σφυριγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Nonfinite form➤ | σφυρίξει | σφυριχτεί | ||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Colloquial apocopic perfective imperative + accusative of article & noun or weak pronouns e.g. σφύριχ' το ("whistle it!") 2. Colloquial. 3. Extremely rare alternatives with learned {-χθ-} [να σφυριχθώ, σφυρίχθηκα, ...] mentioned in some dictionaries. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Related terms
[edit]- ασφύριχτος (asfýrichtos, “not whistled (e.g. of penalty)”)
- σφύριγμα n (sfýrigma, “whistling, hissing”)
- σφυριξιά f (sfyrixiá, “momentary whistling”)
- σφυριχτός (sfyrichtós, “whistled”)
- σφυρίχτρα f (sfyríchtra, “whistle”)
References
[edit]- ^ “σφυρίζω”, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998
- ^ σφυρίζω - Babiniotis, Georgios (2002) Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: […] [Dictionary of Modern Greek (language)] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias [Lexicology Centre], 1st edition 1998, →ISBN.