ترياق

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Arabic

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 ترياق on Arabic Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Aramaic תִּירְיָיקָא / תִּרְיָיקָא / תִּירְיָאקָא / תִּרְיָאקָא (teryāqā), תִּירְיָיקִי / תִּרְיָיקִי / תִּירְיָקִי / תִּרְיָקִי (teryāqī) / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܐ / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܝ (teryaqē), from Ancient Greek θηριακή (thēriakḗ, antidote).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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تِرْيَاق (tiryāqm (plural تَرَايِيق (tarāyīq))

  1. antidote, counter-remedy, panacea, antitoxin, theriac, treacle
    Synonyms: شِيلْثَا (šīlṯā), مُضَادّ (muḍādd)
    • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 36:215:
      إِنَّ فِي عَجْوَةِ العَالِيَةِ شِفَاءً أَوْ إِنَّهَا تِرْيَاقٌ أَوَّلَ البُكْرَةِ
      ʔinna fī ʕajwati l-ʕāliyati šifāʔan ʔaw ʔinnahā tiryāqun ʔawwala l-bukrati
      The pressed dates of Aliya contain healing effects and are an antidote in the early morning.
    • a. 1350, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, aṭ-ṭibb an-nabawī [The Prophetic Medicine]:
      بِغَمْسِ الذُّبَابِ فِي الطَّعَامِ إِذَا سَقَطَ فِيهِ لِأَجْلِ الشِّفَاءِ الَّذِي فِي جِنَاحِهِ، وَهُوَ كَالتِّريَاقِ لِلسُّمِّ
      biḡamsi ḏ-ḏubābi fī ṭ-ṭaʿāmi ʾiḏā saqaṭa fīhi li-ʾajli š-šifāʾi llaḏī fī jināḥihi, wahuwa ka-t-tiryāqi li-s-summi
      Dipping house flies in food if they fall in for the healing effects in their wings, which is like an antitoxin.
  2. (poetic) alcohol, intoxicating drink
    Synonyms: عُقَار (ʕuqār), رَاح (rāḥ), نَبِيذ (nabīḏ), خَمْر (ḵamr), مُدَام (mudām)

Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Persian: تریاق (taryâq, teryâq) (archaic)

References

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  • tryqˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 262
  • Shahîd, Irfan (2010) Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. Volume II: Part 2: Economic, Social, and Cultural History, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, page 143