گشتن

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: کشتن and كسبن

Persian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gltyt /⁠gardēd⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *gártati (to turn), possibly a merger with *gárati (to turn, wind) and *wártati (to turn), the former being of uncertain origin and the latter from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (to turn).[1] Cognate with Tat gəştən and akin to the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian վաշտ (vašt), Old Georgian ვაშტი (vašṭi).

Pronunciation

[edit]
 

Readings
Classical reading? gaštan
Dari reading? gaštan
Iranian reading? gaštan
Tajik reading? gaštan

Verb

[edit]
Dari گشتن
Iranian Persian
Tajik гаштан

گشتن (gaštan) (present stem گرد (gard))

  1. (intransitive) to rotate, turn, revolve, spin (to move around an axis)
    Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
    به دور خود گشتنbe dowr-e xod gaštanto turn, spin (around)
    زمین به طور مداوم به دور خود می‌گردد.
    zamin be tur-e modâvem be dowr-e xod mi-gardad
    The Earth is constantly spinning.
    زمین یک بار در هر بیست و چهار ساعت به دور خود می‌گردد.
    zamin yek bâr dar har bist-o-čahâr sâ'at be dowr-e xod mi-gardad
    The Earth revolves once every 24 hours.
  2. (intransitive) to spin (to rotate or turn around quickly)
    Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
    توپ بر روی زمین به دور خود می‌گردد.
    tup bar ru-ye zamin be dowr-e xod mi-gardad
    The ball is spinning on the ground.
  3. (intransitive) to circulate (to move in a circuit, for example blood, air)
    Synonyms: گردیدن (gardidan), در گردش بودن (dar gardeš budan)
    هوا در فضای خانه می‌گردد.
    havâ dar fazâ-ye xâne mi-gardad
    The air is circulating around the house (space).
  4. (intransitive) to circle (to travel in a circle or circles)
    Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
    پرنده‌ها بالای سرمان می‌گشتند.
    parande-hâ bâlâ-ye saremân mi-gaštand
    The birds were circling above us.
  5. (intransitive) to walk around, have a walk around
    Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
    بیا برویم بگردیم.biyâ be-ravim be-gardimLet’s go walk around.
    رفتیم بیرون بگردیم.raftim birun be-gardimWe went out to walk around.
  6. to become, to be changed
    • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 639:
      هر که سردت کرد می‏دان کاو در اوست
      دیو پنهان گشته اندر زیر پوست‏
      har ki sardat kard mē-dān k-ō dar ō-st
      dēw pinhān gašta andar zēr-i pōst.
      Whoever makes you cold (damps your spiritual ardour) know that he (Satan) is in him:
      the Devil has become hidden beneath his skin.
      (Classical Romanization)

Conjugation

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*gart”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 110-111