于闐

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Chinese

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phonetic
trad. (于闐)
simp. (于阗)
alternative forms 于窴
于寘
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Etymology

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First attested in Treatise on the Dayuan (大宛列傳) from the Records of the Grand Historian, in the form of 于窴. From Old Khotanese 𑀳𑁆𑀯𑀢𑀦 (hvatana, the (land of the) lords), Proto-Saka *hvatāu, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wā (lord, king).[1]

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Initial () (35) (7) (7)
Final () (24) (85) (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Open Open
Division () III IV IV
Fanqie
Baxter hju den denH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨo/ /den/ /denH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦio/ /den/ /denH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣio/ /dɛn/ /dɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦuə̆/ /dɛn/ /dɛnH/
Li
Rong
/ɣio/ /den/ /denH/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭu/ /dien/ /dienH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯u/ /dʱien/ /dʱienH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tián diàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyu4 tin4 din6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ hju › ‹ hju ›
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷ(r)a/ /*ɦʷa/ (< *ɢʷ(r)a)
English go; at 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
No. 15706 17053 17059
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷa/ /*diːn/ /*diːns/
Notes

Proper noun

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于闐

  1. () (historical) Kingdom of Khotan
  2. (historical, until 1959) Yutian County, Xinjiang (changed to 于田)

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1982), The Culture of the Sakas in Ancient Iranian Khotan, Columbia Lectures on Iranian Studies 1, ed. E. Yarshater, New York, esp. p. 3