咳

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咳 U+54B3, 咳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54B3
← 咲
[U+54B2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 咴 →
[U+54B4]

Translingual

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Han character

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咳 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口卜女人 (RYVO), four-corner 60082, composition ⿰口亥)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 187, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3555
  • Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 622, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+54B3

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
該 *kɯː
垓 *kɯː
賅 *kɯː
陔 *kɯː
豥 *kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄 *kɯː, *krɯː
郂 *kɯː
姟 *kɯː
絯 *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐 *kɯː
峐 *kɯː
侅 *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲 *kɯː
頦 *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒 *kʰɯː
輆 *kʰɯːʔ
欬 *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋 *ŋɡɯːɡs
閡 *ŋɡɯːɡs
咳 *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩 *ɡɯː
亥 *ɡɯːʔ
劾 *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎 *krɯː
烗 *kʰrɯːɡs
骸 *ɡrɯː
駭 *ɡrɯːʔ
刻 *kʰɯːɡ
餩 *qɯːɡ
核 *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ).

Pronunciation 1

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simp. and trad.
 咳
alternative forms 欬

Note: koi3 - rare variant.
Note:
  • kai - literary;
  • ka - vernacular.
Note:
  • hai6 - literary;
  • ga1 - vernacular.
    Rime
    Character 咳
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 咍 (41)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 戸來切
    Baxter hoj
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦʌi/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦəi/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣɒi/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦəj/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣᴀi/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣɒi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣɑ̆i/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		hái
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hoi4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 咳
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		kài
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khojH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰˁək-s/
    English cough

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Definitions

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    咳

    1. to cough
      咳到好辛苦 [Cantonese]  ―  kat1 dou3 hou2 san1 fu2 [Jyutping]  ―  painfully cough
      咳出一口血來／咳出一口血来  ―  ké chū yī kǒu xiě lái  ―  to cough up a mouthful of blood
    2. cough
    Synonyms
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    Dialectal synonyms of 咳嗽 (“to cough”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 嗽, 欬
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 咳嗽
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 咳嗽
    Taiwan 咳嗽
    Ulanhot 咳嗽
    Tongliao 咳嗽
    Chifeng 咳嗽
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 咳嗽
    Harbin 咳嗽
    Shenyang 咳嗽
    Singapore 咳嗽
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 咳嗽
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 咳嗽
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 咳嗽
    Wanrong 咳嗽
    Zhengzhou 咳嗽
    Xi'an 咳嗽
    Xining 咳嗽
    Xuzhou 咳嗽
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 咳嗽
    Bayanhot 咳嗽
    Lanzhou 咳嗽, 咳
    Ürümqi 咳嗽
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 咳嗽
    Wuhan 咳, 咯
    Guiyang 咳嗽
    Kunming 咳嗽
    Liuzhou 咳嗽
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 咳嗽
    Yangzhou 咳, 咳嗽
    Hefei 咳嗽
    Huanggang 咳
    Cantonese Guangzhou 咳
    Hong Kong 咳
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 咳嗽
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 咳嗽
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 咳
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 咳
    Macau 咳
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 咳
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 瘕
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 咳
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 咳
    Foshan 咳
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 咳
    Foshan (Shunde) 咳
    Foshan (Sanshui) 咳
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咳
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 咳
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 咳
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 咳
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 咳
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 咳
    Taishan 嗽
    Kaiping (Chikan) 嗽
    Enping (Niujiang) 咳, 嗽
    Heshan (Yayao) 咳
    Dongguan 咳
    Shaoguan 咳, 咳嗽
    Yunfu 咳瘕
    Yangjiang 嗽, 咳嗽
    Xinyi 咳
    Lianjiang 咳
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咳
    Singapore (Guangfu) 咳嗽
    Gan Nanchang 咳, 咳嗽
    Hakka Meixian 咳嗽
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 咳嗽
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 咳
    Yudu 咳
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 嗽, 咳嗽
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 嗽, 咳嗽
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 嗽, 咳嗽
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 嗽, 咳嗽
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 咳, 咳嗽
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 嗽, 咳嗽
    Hong Kong 咳
    Senai (Huiyang) 咳
    Huizhou Jixi 咳嗽, 咳, 嗽
    Jin Taiyuan 咳嗽
    Xinzhou 咳嗽
    Taibus (Baochang) 咳嗽
    Linhe 咳嗽
    Jining 咳嗽
    Hohhot 咳嗽
    Baotou 咳嗽
    Dongsheng 咳嗽
    Haibowan 咳嗽
    Northern Min Jian'ou 咳嗽
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 嗽, 空嗽
    Fuzhou (Changle) 空嗽
    Fuqing 嗽
    Yongtai 空嗽
    Gutian 嗽
    Fu'an 嗽
    Ningde 嗽
    Shouning 嗽
    Zhouning 嗽
    Fuding 嗽
    Southern Min Xiamen 咁嗽, 咳嗽, 嗽
    Quanzhou 咁嗽
    Zhangzhou 咁嗽, 咳嗽
    Yilan 嗽, 咳嗽
    Penang (Hokkien) 嗽, 咳嗽, 峇啅
    Singapore (Hokkien) 咳嗽, 嗽
    Manila (Hokkien) 嗽
    Chaozhou 咳嗽
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 咳嗽
    Singapore (Teochew) 咳嗽
    Leizhou 咳嗽
    Haikou 咳嗽
    Singapore (Hainanese) 咳嗽
    Puxian Min Putian 瘕咆
    Xianyou 瘕咆
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 咳
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 咳
    Wu Shanghai 咳嗽
    Shanghai (Chongming) 咳嗽
    Suzhou 咳嗽, 咳
    Wuxi 咳嗽
    Danyang 咳嗽
    Hangzhou 嗆, 咳嗽
    Hangzhou (Yuhang) 嗆, 咳嗽
    Ningbo 嗆, 嗽, 咳嗽
    Wenzhou 嗽, 咳嗽
    Jinhua 咳嗽, 咳
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 嗽
    Xiang Changsha 咳嗽, 咳
    Loudi 𠻞
    Shuangfeng 𠻞

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 2

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    simp. and trad.
    		 咳
    alternative forms 嗨

    Definitions

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    咳

    1. Used to express sorrow, remorse, or surprise.

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 3

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    simp. and trad.
    		 咳

    Rime
    Character 咳
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 咍 (41)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 戸來切
    Baxter hoj
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦʌi/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦəi/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣɒi/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦəj/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣᴀi/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣɒi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣɑ̆i/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		hái
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hoi4
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 咳
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 4825
    Phonetic
    component         		亥
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		孩
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡɯː/

    Definitions

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    咳

    1. (of infant) to laugh; to cackle
    2. Alternative form of 孩 (hái, “child; infant”)
    3. interjection for sighing or order
    4. Alternative form of 閡／阂 (“to be cut off from”)

    Pronunciation 4

    [edit]
    simp. and trad.
    		 咳

    Definitions

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    咳

    1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㩿 (kak1) (Used in 甩咳.)

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    咳

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    Readings

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    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    咳
    せき
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi

    From the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb せく (“to cough”).[1] Cognate with 堰 (seki, “dam”).[2][3][4]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    咳(せき) • (seki) 

    1. a cough
      咳(せき)が出(で)る ― seki ga deru ― I have a cough.

    References

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    1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    咳 • (hae) (hangeul 해)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Tày

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    Particle

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    咳 (hợi, ới)

    1. Nôm form of hợi.
      勸𪫆对珠斋咳𱻰
      Khuyên mừa đuổi chua tai hợi nhỉ
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    2. Nôm form of ới.
      各𫰇咳各娘
      Các noọng ới các nàng
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Verb

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    咳 (cài)

    1. Nôm form of cài (“to spit out”).
      𥃸欣𮓳𱐍槣𢫕芭
      𲄝烺咟咳䋡删㹰
      Tha hăn mọn giú ký vẻng bâư
      Đang lương pác gài giầư san quéng
      The silkworm was seen done with [eating] leaves on the shelves,
      Its body yellow and its mouth spitting out silk to build a cocoon

    References

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    • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    咳: Hán Nôm readings: cay, hãy, hỡi, khái, gay, gây

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

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