杜
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
杜 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木土 (DG), four-corner 44910, composition ⿰木土)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 512, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14477
- Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1157, character 2
- Unihan data for U+675C
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
simp. and trad. |
杜 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 土 |
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): du3
- Eastern Min (BUC): dô
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6du
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dù
- Wade–Giles: tu4
- Yale: dù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
- Palladius: ду (du)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dou6
- Yale: douh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou6
- Guangdong Romanization: dou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: u5
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu
- Hakka Romanization System: tu
- Hagfa Pinyim: tu4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: du3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tu⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dô
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
- Tâi-lô: tōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: do
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ͘
- Tâi-lô: tǒo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dou6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 杜 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /tu⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /tu⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /tu⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /tu²/ | |
Qingdao | /tu⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /tu³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /tu⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /tv̩²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /tu¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /tu¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /tu²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /təu³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /tu¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /tu²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /tu²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /tu⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /tu⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /tu⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /tu³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /tu⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /du²³/ |
Suzhou | /dəu³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /du¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /døy³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /tʰu²²/ |
Tunxi | /təu²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /təu⁵⁵/ /təu¹¹/ |
Xiangtan | /təɯ⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /tʰu²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /tʰu⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tou²²/ |
Nanning | /tu²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /tou²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tɔ²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tou²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tu⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /tou³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔdu³³/ ~絕 /ʔdu³⁵/ 姓 |
- Middle Chinese: duX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːʔ/
Definitions[edit]
杜
- birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulifolia)
- to stop; to prevent; to block
- to reject
- (obsolete) to pound; to strike
- (obsolete, dialectal) astringent
- (obsolete, dialectal) root
- Asarum forbesii
- Pollia japonica
- name of an ancient pre-Qin state located in present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi
- a surname
Compounds[edit]
- 召父杜母
- 小杜
- 慎防杜漸/慎防杜渐
- 憑空杜撰
- 房杜姚宋
- 房謀杜斷/房谋杜断
- 有杕之杜
- 杜口 (dùkǒu)
- 杜口吞聲/杜口吞声
- 杜口無言/杜口无言
- 杜口絕舌/杜口绝舌
- 杜口結舌/杜口结舌
- 杜口絕言/杜口绝言
- 杜口裹足
- 杜塞
- 杜宇 (dùyǔ)
- 杜山 (Dùshān)
- 杜工部
- 杜康 (dùkāng)
- 杜弊
- 杜微慎防
- 杜撰 (dùzhuàn)
- 李杜 (Lǐ-Dù)
- 杕杜
- 杜梨 (dùlí)
- 杜漸防微/杜渐防微
- 杜漸防萌/杜渐防萌
- 杜漸除微/杜渐除微
- 杜瓦 (Dùwǎ)
- 杜皮 (Dùpí)
- 杜絕/杜绝 (dùjué)
- 杜絕後患/杜绝后患
- 杜若 (dùruò)
- 杜茅柴
- 杜蘅 (dùhéng)
- 杜諫/杜谏
- 杜郵之戮/杜邮之戮
- 杜門/杜门 (dùmén)
- 杜門不出/杜门不出
- 杜門卻掃/杜门却扫
- 杜門屏跡/杜门屏迹
- 杜門晦跡/杜门晦迹
- 杜門株守/杜门株守
- 杜門自絕/杜门自绝
- 杜門謝客/杜门谢客
- 杜陵 (Dùlíng)
- 杜鵑/杜鹃 (dùjuān)
- 杜鵑啼血/杜鹃啼血
- 杜鵑窩/杜鹃窝
- 杜鵑花/杜鹃花 (dùjuānhuā)
- 柅杜
- 萬那杜/万那杜 (Wànnàdù)
- 結舌杜口/结舌杜口
- 老杜
- 臺灣杜鵑/台湾杜鹃
- 蘅杜
- 防微杜漸/防微杜渐 (fángwēidùjiàn)
- 防萌杜漸/防萌杜渐
- 韋杜/韦杜
Descendants[edit]
Others:
Etymology 2[edit]
simp. and trad. |
杜 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 肚 土 |
Possibly be a Kra-Dai substrate word; compare Zhuang duz (“classifier for animals”), which is a prefix found in the vocabulary for many animals like duzgip (“centipede”), duzgyau (“spider”) and duzlingz (“monkey”) (Zhao, 1991; Tu, 2018).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Eastern Min (BUC): dô
- Southern Min
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dô
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Definitions[edit]
杜
- (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Prefix found in the names of certain animals.
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
杜
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- careless
- woods; grove
- Chinese family name "Du"
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 杜撰 (zusan): careless, slipshod, faulty
- 杜松 (nezu)
- 杜氏 (toji): chief brewer at a sake brewery
- 杜漏 (zurō): careless, negligent
- 杜絶 (tozetsu), 途絶 (tozetsu): stoppage; interruption; cessation; suspension
- 杜若 (kakitsubata)
Derived terms[edit]
- 杜撰脱漏 (zusandatsurō): careless (slipshod) and with many omissions
- 杜の都 (mori no miyako): lit. City of Trees. Nickname for Sendai, Japan
- 鎮守の杜 (chinju no mori): grove of the village shrine
Synonyms[edit]
Noun[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
杜 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
杜: Hán Việt readings: đỗ (
杜: Nôm readings: đỗ[1][2][3][4][5][6], đậu[3][7][4][5][6], đổ[2][3][7], dỏ[4][5][6], đũa[1][3], đỏ[3][7], dỗ[1], đủ[1], giỗ[1], rổ[1], trỗ[1]
- chữ Hán form of Đỗ (“a surname”).
- 杜氏海燕 ― Đỗ Thị Hải Yến
References[edit]
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