秦

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See also: 奉, 奏, and 泰
秦 U+79E6, 秦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79E6
← 秥
[U+79E5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 秧 →
[U+79E7]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

秦 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手大竹木 (QKHD), four-corner 50904, composition ⿱𡗗禾)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 851, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24995
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1275, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2597, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+79E6

Chinese[edit]

    trad. 秦
    simp. # 秦
    alternative forms 𥠼
    𣜈
    𥘿
    𥢮
    𥣠

    Glyph origin[edit]

    Historical forms of the character 秦
    Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
    Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
    Characters in the same phonetic series (秦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
    Old Chinese
    轃 *ʔsiːn, *ʔsrin
    秦 *zin
    螓 *zin
    臻 *ʔsrin
    蓁 *ʔsrin
    搸 *ʔsrin
    溱 *ʔsrin
    榛 *ʔsrin

    In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form. Old Chinese *dzin may derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), also recorded as *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007).

    According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 秦
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁵/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰiẽ⁴²/
    Qingdao /t͡sʰiə̃⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡sʰin⁴²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiẽ²⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰiə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰĩn⁵³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰin²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰin³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰĩ²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
    Hefei /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡sʰəŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ʑiŋ²³/
    Suzhou /zin¹³/
    Hangzhou /d͡ʑin²¹³/
    Wenzhou /zaŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡sin¹³/
    Xiangtan /d͡zin¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰin¹¹/
    Taoyuan
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰøn²¹/
    Nanning /t͡sʰɐn²¹/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰøn²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sin³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡siŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡seiŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /sun³¹/
    Rime
    Character 秦
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 從 (15)
    Final (韻) 眞 (43)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 匠鄰切
    Baxter dzin
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ziɪn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡zin/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡zjen/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡zin/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡ziĕn/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡zĭĕn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/d͡zʱi̯ĕn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qín
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		can4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 秦
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qín
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzin ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[dz]i[n]/
    English Qín (place name)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 秦
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 10497
    Phonetic
    component         		秦
    Rime
    group         		眞
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		秦
    Old
    Chinese         		/*zin/

    Definitions[edit]

    秦

    1. (～國) State of Qin (in ancient China)
    2. (～朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China
    3. Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces
    4. a surname
      秦良玉  ―  Qín Liángyù  ―  Qin Liangyu (Ming dynasty female general)

    See also[edit]

    Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
    Name Time period Divisions
    Xia
    夏 (～朝, ～代)     		2070 – 1600 BCE
    Shang
    商 (～朝, ～代)
    殷 (～朝, ～代)     		1600 – 1046 BCE
    Zhou
    周 (～朝, ～代)     		1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
    西周
    Eastern Zhou
    東周／东周    		 Spring and Autumn period
    春秋
    Warring States period
    戰國／战国
    Qin
    秦 (～朝, ～代)     		221 – 206 BCE
    Han
    漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)     		206 BCE – 220 C.E. Western Han
    西漢／西汉
    Xin
    新 (～朝)
    Eastern Han
    東漢／东汉
    Three Kingdoms
    三國／三国     		220 – 280 C.E. Wei
    魏
    Shu Han
    蜀漢／蜀汉
    Wu
    吳／吴
    Jin
    晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)     		265 – 420 C.E. Western Jin
    西晉／西晋
    Eastern Jin
    東晉／东晋
    Southern and Northern dynasties
    南北朝     		420 – 589 C.E. Northern dynasties
    北朝    		 Northern Wei
    北魏
    Western Wei
    西魏
    Eastern Wei
    東魏／东魏
    Northern Zhou
    北周
    Northern Qi
    北齊／北齐
    Southern dynasties
    南朝    		 Liu Song
    劉宋／刘宋
    Southern Qi
    南齊／南齐
    Liang
    梁 (～朝, ～代)
    Chen
    陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
    Sui
    隋 (～朝, ～代)     		581 – 618 C.E.
    Tang
    唐 (～朝, ～代)     		618 – 907 C.E.
    Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
    五代十國／五代十国     		907 – 960 C.E.
    Liao
    遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)     		907 – 1125 C.E.
    Song
    宋 (～朝, ～代)     		960 – 1279 C.E. Northern Song
    北宋
    Southern Song
    南宋
    Western Xia
    西夏     		1038 – 1227 C.E.
    Jin
    金 (～朝, ～代)     		1115 – 1234 C.E.
    Western Liao
    西遼／西辽     		1124 – 1218 C.E.
    Yuan
    元 (～朝, ～代)     		1271 – 1368 C.E.
    Ming
    明 (～朝, ～代)     		1368 – 1644 C.E.
    Qing
    清 (～朝, ～代)     		1636 – 1912 C.E.

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “秦, Qin”, in zdic.net‎[1], (Can we date this quote?)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    秦

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. Qin dynasty

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    秦
    しん
    Jinmeiyō
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 秦 (MC dzin).

    Proper noun[edit]

    秦(しん) • (Shin) 

    1. (historical) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE), first dynasty of China
    2. (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period:
      1. 前秦 (Zenshin, “Former Qin”, 351-394 CE)
      2. 後秦 (Kōshin, “Later Qin”, 384-417 CE)
      3. 西秦 (Seishin, “Western Qin”, 385-431 CE)
    3. a surname

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    秦
    はた
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Proper noun[edit]

    秦(はた) • (Hata) 

    1. a place name
    2. a surname
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    秦
    はたしん
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi

    Compound of 秦 (Hata, see above) +‎ 秦 (Shin, “Qin (dynasty)”, see above).

    The 秦 kanji itself has a kun-reading of はた (hata).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    秦(はたしん) • (Hatashin) 

    1. Synonym of 秦 (Shin, see above)
    Usage notes[edit]

    This reading is used to distinguish from the 漢音 (kan'on) reading of 晋 (Shin, “Jin dynasty”), itself called 晋 (Susumu-shin). The senses are the same for Etymology 1 above.

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)

    1. Qin

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    秦: Hán Nôm readings: tần, thái

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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