-lain

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *-lainen. Cognates include Finnish -lainen and Estonian -lane.

The sense "kind of" developed separately, ultimately from a combination of Old Swedish slagh +‎ -in, probably via Finnish -lainen.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-lain (front vowel variant -läin)

  1. Used to form ethnonyms from plural ethnonyms and names of locations.
    ižorat (Ingrians) + ‎-lain → ‎ižoralain (Ingrian)
  2. Used to form nouns for people that are characterised by the suffixed noun.
    api (help) + ‎-lain → ‎apilain (helper)
  3. Used to form adjectives indicating a smaller degree of a quality; kind of
    yks (one, same) + ‎-lain → ‎yhenlain (similar)

Usage notes

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  • In its oblique forms, this suffix always carries secondary stress in polysyllabic words.
  • When used in the sense "kind of", the suffix not always follows vowel harmony:
    min (of what?) (front vocalic) + ‎-lain → ‎millain, milläin (what kind of?) (front or back vocalic)
  • Note that due to assimilation, the suffix may take the form -llain when following a word originally ending in -n:
    kaiken (all) (genitive) + ‎-lain → ‎kaikellain (all kinds of)

Declension

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Declension of -lain (type 1/kärpäin, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -lain -laiset
genitive -laisen -laisiin
partitive -laista, -laist -laisia
illative -laisee -laisii
inessive -laisees -laisiis
elative -laisest -laisist
allative -laiselle -laisille
adessive -laiseel -laisiil
ablative -laiselt -laisilt
translative -laiseks -laisiks
essive -laisenna, -laiseen -laisinna, -laisiin
exessive1) -laisent -laisint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Arvo Laanest (1966) “Ижорский Язык”, in Финно-Угорские и Самодийские языки (Языки народов СССР), volume 3, Moscow: Наука, page 107

Votic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *-lainen.

Suffix

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-lain

  1. Forms nouns with the meaning of "inhabitant", or agent nouns that have the characteristic of the noun that it is derived from
    viro (Estonia)virolain (an Estonian person)
    õma (own)õmalain (relative, ally, one's own people)
    ühsi (one)ühsilain (lonely person)

Inflection

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Declension of -lain (type XII/sinin, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -lain -laizõd
genitive -laizõ -laisiijõ, -laisii
partitive -laissõ -laisiitõ, -laisii
illative -laisõ, -laisõsõ -laisiisõ
inessive -laizõz -laisiiz
elative -laizõssõ -laisiissõ
allative -laizõlõ -laisiilõ
adessive -laizõllõ -laisiillõ
ablative -laizõltõ -laisiiltõ
translative -laizõssi -laisiissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

Derived terms

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