Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/erlaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly related to *erǭ (“battle”), with agentive suffix *-ilaz, thus meaning ‘one who makes war’.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈer.lɑz/

Noun

*erlaz m

1. man, nobleman

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *erlaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*erlaz	*erlōz, *erlōs
vocative	*erl	*erlōz, *erlōs
accusative	*erlą	*erlanz
genitive	*erlas, *irlis	*erlǫ̂
dative	*irlai	*erlamaz
instrumental	*erlō	*erlamiz

Alternative reconstructions

• *erulaz, *eralaz, *irilaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *erl
  • Old English: eorl
    • Middle English: erl, ærl, eerl, eorl, erle, eryl, ȝerle, ȝierl, yerl
      • English: earl
      • Scots: yerl, yarl (merged with Old Norse jarl)
      • Yola: earle
  • Old Saxon: erl
• Proto-Norse: ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ)
  • Old Norse: jarl, ᛁᛅᚱᛚ (iarl)
    • Icelandic: jarl
    • Faroese: jallur
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: jarl
    • Old Swedish: iarl, iærl
      • Swedish: järl
    • Old Danish: ierl
    • → Danish: jarl (reborrowed)
      • Norwegian Bokmål: jarl
    • → English: jarl
    • → Finnish: jaarli
    • → Swedish: jarl (reborrowed)
• >? Latin: Heruli, Eruli