Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spurōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspu.rɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From *spurą (“track, trace”) +‎ *-ōną.

Verb

*spurōną

1. to track, to trace

Inflection

Conjugation of *spurōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spurō	*spurǭ	—	*spurōi	?
2nd singular	*spurōsi	*spurōs	*spurō	*spurōsai	*spurōsau
3rd singular	*spurōþi	*spurō	*spurōþau	*spurōþai	*spurōþau
1st dual	*spurōs	*spurōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spurōþiz	*spurōþiz	*spurōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*spurōmaz	*spurōm	—	*spurōnþai	*spurōnþau
2nd plural	*spurōþ	*spurōþ	*spurōþ	*spurōnþai	*spurōnþau
3rd plural	*spurōnþi	*spurōn	*spurōnþau	*spurōnþai	*spurōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spurōdǭ	*spurōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*spurōdēz	*spurōdēdīz
3rd singular	*spurōdē	*spurōdēdī
1st dual	*spurōdēdū	*spurōdēdīw
2nd dual	*spurōdēdudiz	*spurōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*spurōdēdum	*spurōdēdīm
2nd plural	*spurōdēdud	*spurōdēdīd
3rd plural	*spurōdēdun	*spurōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*spurōndz	*spurōdaz

Related terms

• *spurjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *sporōn
  • Old Frisian: *sporia
    • West Frisian: spoarje, spoare
  • Old Saxon: *sporōn
    • Middle Low German: spōren
  • Old Dutch: *sporon
    • Middle Dutch: spōren
      • Dutch: sporen
• Old Norse: spora
  • Danish: spore
  • Faroese: spora
  • Icelandic: spora
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: spore

    Norwegian Nynorsk: spore, spora

  • Swedish: spåra

Etymology 2

From *spurô (“spur”) +‎ *-ōną.

Verb

*spurōną

1. to spur
2. to kick
3. to trample

Inflection

Conjugation of *spurōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spurō	*spurǭ	—	*spurōi	?
2nd singular	*spurōsi	*spurōs	*spurō	*spurōsai	*spurōsau
3rd singular	*spurōþi	*spurō	*spurōþau	*spurōþai	*spurōþau
1st dual	*spurōs	*spurōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spurōþiz	*spurōþiz	*spurōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*spurōmaz	*spurōm	—	*spurōnþai	*spurōnþau
2nd plural	*spurōþ	*spurōþ	*spurōþ	*spurōnþai	*spurōnþau
3rd plural	*spurōnþi	*spurōn	*spurōnþau	*spurōnþai	*spurōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spurōdǭ	*spurōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*spurōdēz	*spurōdēdīz
3rd singular	*spurōdē	*spurōdēdī
1st dual	*spurōdēdū	*spurōdēdīw
2nd dual	*spurōdēdudiz	*spurōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*spurōdēdum	*spurōdēdīm
2nd plural	*spurōdēdud	*spurōdēdīd
3rd plural	*spurōdēdun	*spurōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*spurōndz	*spurōdaz

Related terms

• *spurnaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *sporōn
  • Old English: *sporian
    • Middle English: sporen, spuren, spurren, spore, spurie, sporie
      • English: spur
      • Scots: spur
  • Old Dutch: *sporon
    • Middle Dutch: spōren
      • Dutch: sporen
  • Old High German: sporōn
    • Middle High German: sporen
• Old Norse: spora
  • Danish: spore