Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰoréyeti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From *gʷʰer- (“hot, warm”) + *-éyeti (causative verbal suffix).
Verb[edit]
*gʷʰoréyeti (imperfective)[1]
- to heat
Inflection[edit]
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *gʷʰoréyeti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *gʷʰoréyonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *gʷʰoréyoh₂ | *gʷʰoréyom | — | *gʷʰoréyōh₂ | *gʷʰoréyoyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *gʷʰoréyesi | *gʷʰoréyes | *gʷʰoréye | *gʷʰoréyēsi | *gʷʰoréyoys |
| 3rd singular | *gʷʰoréyeti | *gʷʰoréyet | *gʷʰoréyetu | *gʷʰoréyēti | *gʷʰoréyoyt |
| 1st dual | *gʷʰoréyowos | *gʷʰoréyowe | — | *gʷʰoréyōwos | *gʷʰoréyoywe |
| 2nd dual | *gʷʰoréyetes | *gʷʰoréyetom | *gʷʰoréyetom | *gʷʰoréyētes | *gʷʰoréyoytom |
| 3rd dual | *gʷʰoréyetes | *gʷʰoréyetām | *gʷʰoréyetām | *gʷʰoréyētes | *gʷʰoréyoytām |
| 1st plural | *gʷʰoréyomos | *gʷʰoréyome | — | *gʷʰoréyōmos | *gʷʰoréyoyme |
| 2nd plural | *gʷʰoréyete | *gʷʰoréyete | *gʷʰoréyete | *gʷʰoréyēte | *gʷʰoréyoyte |
| 3rd plural | *gʷʰoréyonti | *gʷʰoréyont | *gʷʰoréyontu | *gʷʰoréyōnti | *gʷʰoréyoyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *gʷʰoréyonts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *gʷʰoréyoh₂er | *gʷʰoréyoh₂e | — | *gʷʰoréyōh₂er | *gʷʰoréyoyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *gʷʰoréyeth₂er | *gʷʰoréyeth₂e | *gʷʰoréyeso | *gʷʰoréyēth₂er | *gʷʰoréyoyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *gʷʰoréyetor | *gʷʰoréyeto | *? | *gʷʰoréyētor | *gʷʰoréyoyto, *gʷʰoréyoyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *gʷʰoréyowosdʰh₂ | *gʷʰoréyowedʰh₂ | — | *gʷʰoréyōwosdʰh₂ | *gʷʰoréyoywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *gʷʰoréyomosdʰh₂ | *gʷʰoréyomedʰh₂ | — | *gʷʰoréyōmosdʰh₂ | *gʷʰoréyoymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *gʷʰoréyedʰh₂we | *gʷʰoréyedʰh₂we | *gʷʰoréyedʰh₂we | *gʷʰoréyēdʰh₂we | *gʷʰoréyoydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *gʷʰoréyoror, *gʷʰoréyontor | *gʷʰoréyoro, *gʷʰoréyonto | *? | *gʷʰoréyōror, *gʷʰoréyōntor | *gʷʰoréyoyro, *gʷʰoréyoyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *gʷʰoréyomnos | ||||
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-Celtic: *gʷorīti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰaráyati (though the absence of Brugmann's law lengthening to produce *gʰāráyati implies that this formation may be secondary or that some leveling occurred)[2]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰaráyati
References[edit]
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 219-220
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰoréyeti”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 376.