Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫditi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *sǫdì +‎ *-iti.

Accentological notes

According to the Moscow Accentological School, the length of the vowel in the infinitive was restored from the present. The old condition is reflected in the Slovincian, for example: inf. sãdzëc (short), pres. sõdzysz (long) vs. Czech inf. soudit (long), pres. soudíš (long). A Slovincian material is confirmed by the stress of an Middle Bulgarian monuments: inf. сѫди́ти, pres. сѫ́диши.

Rick Derksen, on the contrary, reconstructs a length of a vowel.

Verb

*sǫdìti or *sǭdìti impf

1. to judge

Inflection

Conjugation of *sǫditi, *sǫdi, *sǫditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*sǫďenьje	*sǫditi	*sǫditъ	*sǫdilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*sǫďenъ	*sǫdimъ
Active	*sǫďь	*sǫdę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sǫdixъ	*sǫdi	*sǫdi	*sǫďǫ	*sǫdiši	*sǫditь
Dual	*sǫdixově	*sǫdista	*sǫdiste	*sǫdivě	*sǫdita	*sǫdite
Plural	*sǫdixomъ	*sǫdiste	*sǫdišę	*sǫdimъ	*sǫdite	*sǫdętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sǫďaaxъ	*sǫďaaše	*sǫďaaše	—	*sǫdi	*sǫdi
Dual	*sǫďaaxově	*sǫďaašeta	*sǫďaašete	*sǫdivě	*sǫdita	—
Plural	*sǫďaaxomъ	*sǫďaašete	*sǫďaaxǫ	*sǫdimъ	*sǫdite	—

Notes:
• (*)*sǫdivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *sǫdì (“judge”)
• *sǫ̃dъ (“court of law, trial, judgment”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: сѫди́ти (sǫdíti)
    • Old Ruthenian: суди́ти (sudíti)
      • Belarusian: судзі́ць (sudzícʹ)
      • Ukrainian: суди́ти (sudýty)
    • Middle Russian: суди́ти (sudíti)
      • Russian: суди́ть (sudítʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: сѫдити (sǫditi)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘⰴⰺⱅⰺ (sǫditi)

  • Bulgarian: съ́дя (sǎ́dja)
  • Macedonian: суди (sudi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: су́дити

    Latin script: súditi

  • Slovene: sọ́diti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: súditi
    • Czech: soudit
  • Old Polish: sędzić
    • Masurian: sóndżicz
    • Polish: sądzić
    • Silesian: sōndzić
  • Slovak: súdiť
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: sãdzëc
    • Slovincian: sãdzëc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: sudźić
    • Lower Sorbian: suźiś

• → Albanian: sodit
• → Estonian: sundima
• → Romanian: osândi

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “суди́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “суд”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 216