Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/obanā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ubanē. Equivalent to *ob (“under”) +‎ *-anā (ablative adverb suffix).

Adverb

*obanā

1. ablative of *ob (“under”): from above

Derived terms

• *biobanā

Usage notes

Because of the irregular forms between some of the directional adverbs and preposition, *ob- and *upp-, some of the daughter languages show leveling.

Descendants

• Old English: ufan, ufane
  • Middle English: uven
• Old Frisian: ova, with -pp- uppa, oppa (also uppe, oppe, but these might be from *uppai instead)
• Old Saxon: ovan, ovana, with -pp- uppan
• Old Dutch: uppan (with -pp-)
• Old High German: obana, ūfana, *ovana
  • Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven
    • Alemannic German: obe
      • Swabian: oba
    • Bavarian: obn, om, oum, uom
    • German: oben
    • Luxembourgish: uewen
    • Central Franconian:
      • Hunsrik: owe
    • Rhine Franconian: owen, owe, uwe
      • Pennsylvania German: owwe
    • Vilamovian: uwa
    • Yiddish: אויבן (oybn)